Wednesday, July 31, 2019

Miracle on St David’s Day by Gillian Clarke Essay

Miracle on St David’s Day is an enchanting, and ultimately optimistic poem relating to the theme of identity by Gillian Clarke. The poem tells the story of a man in a mental institution, who exceeds the expectation of both the nurses and his fellow patients when he regains the ability to talk. In the first stanza of the poem, Gillian Clarke describes the country house in what seems to be an idyllic setting, â€Å"The sun treads the path among cedars and enormous oaks, it might be a country house, guests strolling†. However despite the seemingly pleasant tone, implied by the use of her making it seem informal, through the relaxed wondering of what the House may have been,† might be a country house, guests strolling†, suggesting normality her use of the word might alerts the reader that this idyllic setting may be an illusion and not what it first seems. The illusion of normality is swiftly extracted by the opening line of the second stanza, â€Å"I am reading poetry to the insane†. This line ends with a certain finality, that is so abrupt that it disturbs the so far, flowing effect to the poem, also implying informality and normality, to the effects that it shocks the reader, not only in the disrupted rhythm of the poem but also in the disturbingly blunt reality of what she is saying. Furthermore this is shocking because it is not commonplace for people to be reading poetry to the insane. Gillian Clarke does this numerous times during the poem in order to stop the reader, so that the poem does not ramble, and make it more interesting, â€Å"A beautiful chestnut-haired boy listens entirely absorbed. A schizophrenic†. This use of contrast between the descriptive lines of the opening stanza and the flat, and remarkably blunt, tones of this line introduce the reader to the contrast between the setting and the guests. As we can observe from the line following, â€Å"I am reading poetry to the insane†, which instantly restores the mood of the poem to informal with the humor, of the old woman who is constantly offering the narrator coal, when it is March and she would have no means of getting coal. By the use of having the woman saying humorous things, Gillian Clarke is also contrasting her with the other patients at the home, as she is the only one who is talking. The poem also uses poetic devises such as personification, â€Å"An afternoon yellow and open mouthed†. It uses metaphors, â€Å"In a cage of first march sun†, and similes such as, â€Å"Outside the daffodils are still as wax†, to make the poem more interesting to read, and also without these techniques the imagery of the poem, that the people in the home are daffodils would not be portrayed and the final message of the poem would not be presented to the reader. Thus the poem would be pointless. Gillian Clarke also uses enjambment in the poem, which disturbs the flow of the poem, and I think is also relating to the disturbed personalities of the patients in the home. Enjambment is effectively used in the third to fourth stanzas, as this is a rambling scene of the immense man struggling to get to his chair, and so Clarke reflects this in the appropriate use of enjambment between the stanzas. The first March sun is described as a cage in the third verse as it is sa ying that for these people who have no freedom, even their enjoyment of the sun is trapping them, and they have no choice but to be out absorbed in it. These poetic devices are also used to build up the character of the man in the poem. In the third stanza where the man is introduced, he is described as a big, mild man, and a laborer, who is being tenderly led. This use of contrasting language informs the reader that even though the man is large in size he has to be tenderly led like a child, continuing to imply to the reader that there is something wrong with him. This is confirmed in the forth verse where he is described as rocking, a common action by insane people as it comforts them. His description is also emphasized by the repetition of the words big, mild and dumb. These words make him seem even more immense, which is odd when they are combined with mild. When the huge laboring man speaks he is in beautiful surroundings reciting a poem about daffodils, which is not only being ironic but is breaking the stereotype of laborers being very masculine and rather insensitive, whereas here he is being portrayed as almost feminine and extremely sensitive. What strikes me most prominently when reading the poem is the amount of imagery used to bring emphasis to the overall meaning of Clarke’s poem and to make it more interesting. She has chosen the â€Å"Daffodils†, by W. Wordsworth, as the music that the mute man chooses to speak after forty years of silence. I believe that she has also chosen to describe the man who cannot speak as mute as it is also a musical term, and so therefore is not just emphasizing that there is no speech in his life, but also that there is no music, relating with happiness and merriment, and therefore is saying that without speech there is no joy in the laborer’s life. However when the rhythm of the poetry he is read awakens him, it appears to turn apparent life into reality. The poem is a possible way to show his waking from a world of misery to a reality of nature’s beauty and rhythm, â€Å"Since the dumbness of misery fell he has remembered there was a music of speech and that once he had something to say.† This is also playing on the word dumbness, as dumbness aside from meaning stupidity also is relating to the man who cannot speak as a person who is mute can also be described as, â€Å"dumb†. Informing us that the poem is saying that music is good, as when he cannot speak, and there is no music, it is described as, â€Å"misery† and when this, â€Å"falls†, and he has remembered that there is something to say a thrush sings, representing happiness, and the once, â€Å"wax† still daffodils are flame, representing excitement, life and activity. Therefore Gillian Clarke is saying that the man was not properly alive until the music in his life was restored. He is reciting poetry because what he has heard from the nurses in the institution has restored his memory and he has remembered a poem that he had learnt as a child at school. We know this because Clarke informs us in verse thirty-one, â€Å"Forty years ago, in a Valleys school, the class recited poetry by rote†. I believe that Gillian Clarke’s poem is also relating to music through this imagery. â€Å"Since the dumbness of misery fell he has remembered there was a music of speech and that once he had something to say.† When he speaks there is an immediate exchange of characteristics, the once lifeless patients are alert and the nurses are frozen as the patients once were. I also notice that in Clarke’s poem the daffodils seem to represent the people at the home. At the start of the poem the daffodils are â€Å"open mouthed† showing the way that the patients don’t react to the poetry, as this is the face that people use when they are bored and not listening. Their open mouths show how unreceptive the patients are, once again removing any sense of normality as Gillian Clarke alienates them from ordinary sane people. When the miracle of the man speaking occurs the flowers are silent and still, showing that far from the boredom and lack of interest displayed before, everyone is amazed. We can deduct that the daffodils are not merely flowers, by the use of lines such as, â€Å"their syllables unspoken†, as obviously, flowers can speak no syllables. I think that the use of the candle related words throughout the poem are deliberate, when the flowers are as still as, â€Å"wax†, the man is not speaking and when he does they are a flame, which is representing that the man’s hope, which has always been there, the wax, but when he speaks it is â€Å"a flame†. It is alive. I think that the, â€Å"first bird of the year in the breaking darkness† is symbolic as the first bird of the year, is representing the first speech in the mans life for many years, and the darkness which is now breaking is the bad times of when he could not speak. His first words in many years are described as a bird, as this also relates to the theme of music. Gillian Clarke effectively alienates the patients in the home and portrays the fact that although they are physically there, they mentally are not by the constant use of word absent, â€Å"I read to their presences, their absences†. St David’s Day by Gillian Clarke illustrates the theme of identity through the use of including people in a mental institution, as they have no identity. Yet after forty years a man’s identity breaks through. I believe that this poem is trying to communicate the fact that everyone has an identity; no matter how masked it is from the rest of the world, and by the use of describing them with flowers that cannot speak (which have inner beauty, she is saying that everyone has some kind of identity and beauty. Emotion plays an important part in the poem humor, misery and shock are shown to us and this makes the poems more realistic. Ultimately I feel the reason this is a very effective poem is that the use of daffodils and Wordsworth is subtle but carries a significant meaning that is backed up by the tone of the rest of the poem. I find that the poem is truly touching and although the main message of the poem is quite discrete, the way that it is portrayed makes it seem that you, the reader are really experiencing the miracle.

Tuesday, July 30, 2019

Objectives Of The Integrated Food Law Environmental Sciences Essay

Consolidate the Torahs associating to nutrient and set up a individual mention point for all affairs associating to nutrient safety and criterions, by traveling from multi-level, multi-departmental control to a individual line of bid. Establish the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India ( FSSAI ) as an apex regulative authorization for puting down scientific discipline based criterions for articles of nutrient. Regulate industry, storage, distribution and sale and import of articles of nutrient to guarantee handiness of safe and wholesome nutrient for human ingestion. Pool substructure, manpower and proving installations for better criterion arrested development and enforcement through their proper redisposition and consideration. New commissariats of FSS Act Covering Functional Foods, addendums, Nutraceuticals Issue of Licenses within 2 months of application. Provision of Improvement Notice by Designated Officers Prosecution, should be within 1 twelvemonth of offense. Particular Courts for drumhead tests Compensation to Victims ( for any instance of Injury/ Grievous injury/ Death ) Wagess to betrayers ( informing about the lawbreakers – debasement etc. ) by State Govt. 197 One composite licence for unit ( s ) falling in one country Promoting Self ordinance and attachment to specified nutrient safety direction systems. No License for junior-grade nutrient concern operators ; merely enrollment is compulsory Cardinal licensing from Authority for high hazard points. Food Safety Officer with a wider authorization will replace nutrient Inspector. Decriminalization of jurisprudence and expeditious disposal of instances Financial punishments for less serious instances. Right to contend research lab consequences by choosing to direct sample to commissioned research lab. 6.102 About the authorization, function and duty and the powers of the Authority the Committee were informed that Food Authority has the authorization of puting down scientific discipline based criterions for articles of nutrient and to modulate their industry, storage, distribution, sale and import to guarantee handiness of safe and wholesome nutrient for human ingestion. The duties are as follows: ( a ) Developing the criterions and guidelines in relation to articles of nutrient and stipulating an appropriate system for implementing assorted criterions notified under this Act ; ( B ) arrested development of the bounds for usage of nutrient additives, harvest contaminations, pesticide residues, residues of veterinary drugs, heavy metals, treating AIDSs, myco-toxins, antibiotics and pharmacological active substances and irradiation of nutrient ; ( degree Celsius ) advising the mechanisms and guidelines for accreditation of enfranchisement organic structures engaged in enfranchisement of nutrient safety direction systems for nutrient concerns ; ( vitamin D ) developing the process and the enforcement of quality control in relation to any article of nutrient imported into India ; ( vitamin E ) developing the process and guidelines for accreditation of research labs and presentment of the commissioned research labs ; 198 ( degree Fahrenheit ) advising the method of trying, analysis and exchange of information among enforcement governments ; ( g ) behavior study of enforcement and disposal of this Act in the state ; ( H ) lay down nutrient labelling criterions including claims on wellness, nutrition, particular dietetic utilizations and nutrient class systems for nutrients ; and ( I ) the mode in which and the process topic to which hazard analysis, hazard appraisal, hazard communicating and hazard direction shall be undertaken. ( J ) provide scientific advice and proficient support to the Central Government and the State Governments in affairs of bordering the policy and regulations in countries which have a direct or indirect bearing on nutrient safety and nutrition ; ( K ) hunt, collect, collate, analyse and summarise relevant scientific and proficient informations peculiarly associating to – ( I ) nutrient ingestion and the exposure of persons to hazards related to the ingestion of nutrient ; ( two ) incidence and prevalence of biological hazard ; ( three ) contaminations in nutrient ; ( four ) residues of assorted contaminations ; ( V ) designation of emerging hazards ; and ( six ) debut of rapid watchful system ; ( cubic decimeter ) promote, coordinate and issue guidelines for the development of hazard appraisal methodological analysiss and proctor and behavior and forward messages on the wellness and nutritionary hazards of nutrient to the Cardinal Government, State Governments and Commissioners of Food Safety ; ( m ) provide scientific and proficient advice and aid to the Cardinal Government and the State Governments in 199 execution of crisis direction processs with respect to nutrient safety and to pull up a general program for crisis direction and work in close co-operation with the crisis unit set up by the Cardinal Government in this respect ; ( N ) set up a system of web of administrations with the purpose to ease a scientific co-operation model by the co-ordination of activities, the exchange of information, the development and execution of joint undertakings, the exchange of expertness and best patterns in the Fieldss within the Food Authorityaa‚Â ¬a„?s duty ; ( o ) provide scientific and proficient aid to the Central Government and the State Governments for bettering cooperation with international administrations ; ( P ) take all such stairss to guarantee that the populace, consumers, interested parties and all degrees of panchayets receive rapid, dependable, nonsubjective and comprehensive information through appropriate methods and agencies ; ( Q ) provide, whether within or outside their country, preparation programmes in nutrient safety and criterions for individuals who are or intend to go involved in nutrient concerns, whether as nutrient concern operators or employees or otherwise ; ( R ) undertake any other undertaking assigned to it by the Central Government to transport out the objects of this Act ; ( s ) contribute to the development of international proficient criterions for nutrient, healthful and phyto-sanitary criterions ; ( T ) contribute, where relevant and appropriate to the development of understanding on acknowledgment of the equality of specific nutrient related steps ; ( u ) promote co-ordination of work on nutrient criterions undertaken by international governmental and nongovernmental administrations ; 200 ( V ) promote consistence between international proficient criterions and domestic nutrient criterions while guaranting that the degree of protection adopted in the state is non reduced ; and ( tungsten ) promote general consciousness as to nutrient safety and nutrient criterions. 6.103 When asked about the adequateness of substructure, work force, installations, etc. available with the Authority vis-a-vis undertaking at manus and the stairss being taken to take deficits, if any along with their time-lines the Authority replied that The Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006 seeks to replace the multiple nutrient Torahs, standard puting organic structures and enforcement bureaus prevalent in the state with one integrated nutrient jurisprudence. Hitherto, nutrient was being regulated in the state through assorted bureaus under different Ministries/Departments. The States/UTs are responsible for execution of Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, 1954, while there are other cardinal bureaus under assorted Acts and Orders viz. , the Fruit Products Order, 1955, the Meat Food Products Order,1973, the Milk and Milk Merchandises Order, 1992, the Vegetable Oil Products ( Control ) Order, 1947, the Edible Oils Packaging ( Regulation ) Order, 1998, the Solvent Extracted Oil, De oiled Meal, and Edible Flour ( Control ) Order,1967 and any other order issued under the Essential Commodities Act, 1955 for licensing of industries. The nutrient regulative mechanism had several constrictions in execution as follows: ( a ) Multiplicity of nutrient Torahs, standard scene and enforcement bureaus for different sectors of nutrient ( B ) Varied Quality/Safety criterions and hapless harmonisation ( degree Celsius ) Thin spread of work force, hapless research labs substructure and other resources ( vitamin D ) Standards stiff and non-responsive to scientific promotions and modern engineerings ( vitamin E ) Poor information airing to consumers. 6.104 The cardinal characteristics of the Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006 to 201 address the challenges in nutrient safety are: ( a ) Motion from multi-level and multi-department control to a individual line of bid ( B ) FSSAI as a individual mention point for all affairs associating to Food Safety and Standards, Regulations and Enforcement ( degree Celsius ) Unified licencing system and proviso for enrollment of little nutrient concern operators ( vitamin D ) Achieve high grade of consumer assurance in quality and safety of nutrient ( vitamin E ) Effective, transparent and accountable regulative model ( degree Fahrenheit ) Emphasis on gradual displacement from regulative government to self conformity ( g ) Adequate information airing on nutrient to enable consumer to do informed picks. ( H ) Mechanism for speedy disposal of instances and proviso for ranked punishments based on gravitation of discourtesy ( I ) Food research labs accredited by NABL or other suited bureau. ( J ) Focus on nutrient safety throughout the full nutrient concatenation. ( K ) Preventive attack based on nutrient safety system instead than terminal merchandise attack. ( cubic decimeter ) Emphasis on preparation and capacity edifice of all stakeholders ( m ) Consistency between domestic and international nutrient criterions without cut downing precautions to public wellness and consumer protection 6.105 The undermentioned activities have been done so far toward the execution of FSS Act, 2006: ( a ) Food Authority/ Central Advisory Committee, 8 Scientific Panels, and Scientific Committee established. ( B ) Integration of Staff under subdivision 90 from assorted Ministries/Departments ( degree Celsius ) Gap analysis survey of 50 State Food Testing Laboratories completed ( vitamin D ) Food Import ordinance mechanism started at major ports of entries. 202 ( vitamin E ) Regular interactions with State/ UTs to guarantee readying toward execution ( degree Fahrenheit ) Awareness Generation, Training of State regulators ( more than 400 forces trained including trainers ) , ( g ) More than 20 National consultations/ Regional Conferences including one International workshop conducted ( H ) Model for accreditation of the nutrient research labs, Certification/Inspection organic structures to scrutinize conformity to nutrient safety system, Food safety Plan. ( I ) Rules for assorted commissariats under FSS Act, 2006 notified on 5-5- 2011. ( J ) Regulations for assorted commissariats under FSS Act, 2006 are under blessing and likely to be notified shortly 6.106 Although, the Act was notified on 24th August, 2006, the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India was notified merely on 5th September, 2008. The Authority could get down working from January/ February, 2009 with the transportation of staff from assorted Ministries/ Departments and the assignment of a full clip Chief Executive Officer. 6.107 The Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006 will come into force three months after the presentment of the Rules, i.e. from 5th August, 2011. The following 5 old ages are hence, really important as several new activities and enterprises will take off, for which equal substructure, including increased work force, is perfectly indispensable for successful enforcement of the Act. The enforcement of the Act is through the State Government machinery and State Governments need to be suitably and rapidly strengthened to guarantee effectual enforcement. In the first three old ages of its being, the FSSAI has been allotted Rs.8.00cr in 2008-09, Rs.21.00cr. in 2009-10 and Rs. 32.37 crore in 2010-11 mainly for wages and assorted administrative disbursals. This degree of fund allocation can non evidently run into the demands of FSSAI in the subsequent old ages and will be grossly unequal for transporting out its authorization. Therefore, FSSAI requires significant support for the following 5 old ages both for Central degree and State degree substructure and work force. 203 6.108 The followers was submitted by the Authority about the jobs to be addressed: ( a ) Inadequate substructure, manpower and other resources at the Cardinal and State degrees for enforcement of the FSS Act. ( B ) Inadequate research lab substructure at Central and State degrees for testing of nutrient articles. ( degree Celsius ) Lack of consciousness of consumers and other stakeholders about nutrient safety issues. ( vitamin D ) Existing licencing mechanism under multiple bureaus which demands to be replaced with a incorporate licensing/ enrollment mechanism under the FSS Act. ( vitamin E ) Lack of any integrated nutrient safety surveillance system, including surveillance of imported nutrient. ( degree Fahrenheit ) Need for constitution of e- administration system from panchayet degree upwards for nutrient safety affairs. ( g ) Absence of any national degree province of the art establishment for transporting out research on nutrient scientific discipline and hazard appraisal. ( H ) Lack of trained forces and absence of any cardinal preparation institute to provide to the demands of FSSAI for execution of the FSS Act. 6.109 About the stairss proposed to Address the above Problems, it was submitted that the undermentioned activities are proposed for turn toing the above issues: A. At Central degree ( a ) Strengthening of FSSAIaa‚Â ¬a„?s central offices Staffing with equal figure of suitably qualified forces Construction of new office edifice for FSSAI headquarter Construction of residential adjustment for FSSAI staff ( B ) Development of scientific discipline based criterions Enrolling forces with makings and expertness in relevant field 204 Constitution of a National Food Science and Risk Assessment Centre ( degree Celsius ) Food proving installations Upgradation of bing Central Food Laboratory at Kolkata and constitution of new CFL at Mumbai. Constitution of proving installations for genetically modified nutrient. ( vitamin D ) Surveillance mechanism Development of a nutrient safety surveillance model and set uping a mechanism for surveillance, both active and passive, which will be implemented through a competent bureau selected through a competitory procedure. Safety of imported nutrient for which equal figure of forces, and substructure for new offices are required. ( vitamin E ) Enforcement of the Act Staff demand for cardinal licensing Awareness coevals and educational programmes Communication through media Development of developing stuff and particular classs in association with professional establishments and universities Constitution of National Food Safety Training Institute ( NFSTI ) Training of stakeholders at NFSTI ( degree Fahrenheit ) Reward strategy for information on adulterated/ insecure nutrient ( g ) Constitution of a national helpline B. At State degree ( a ) Strengthening of territory degree nutrient safety office Construction of edifice Provision of office equipment, vehicle etc. ( B ) Food proving installations 205 Upgradation of 62 public nutrient research labs Upgradation of 10 public nutrient research labs to referral research labs Supplying one nomadic nutrient research lab each to every State and U.T. Supplying one nutrient research lab each to 150 territories. ( degree Celsius ) Constitution of exigency response Centre in each State ( vitamin D ) Training programmes by the States/ UTs ( vitamin E ) Information, instruction and communicating activities of the State Governments ( degree Fahrenheit ) E- administration from panchayat degree upwards Existing webs of other Ministries will be utilised. 6.110 When queried about the on-going initiatives the undermentioned information was submitted to the Committee: ( a ) 355 stations have been sanctioned for FSSAI in September, 2010, most of the Service Rules have been approved by the Government and Recruitment Rules are being finalised for make fulling up the stations. Besides the Authority has farther made a probationary appraisal of work force demand for providing to assorted duties assigned to the Authority as per FSS Act, 2006 over following program period for its effectual and smooth execution. ( B ) Gap analysis of 50 nutrient proving research labs has been carried out. ( degree Celsius ) Imported nutrient clearance procedure has been taken over at 5 ports, 4 airdromes and ICDs at Delhi and operationalisation of activities at 7 extra ports planned for 2011-12. ( vitamin D ) FSSAI Regional Offices have been established in Delhi and Mumbai. ( vitamin E ) Procedure of standard scene for some new points as, for illustration probiotics, nutrient for particular intent and nutritionary utilizations, alcoholic drinks, trans fatty acids, GM nutrient labelling, caffeinated drinks etc. have been initiated. 206 ( degree Fahrenheit ) Training programmes have been organised for Food Safety Commissioners, Food Safety Officers ( ToT ) , Designated Military officers and Authorized Officers ( for imported nutrient safety ) . Several States have conducted farther preparation programmes for their Food Safety Officers. ( g ) For consciousness coevals, print advertizements on nutrient safety, characteristic programme on Doordarshan, Kalyani and wireless jangles on AIR have already been initiated. Booklets, booklets etc. on FSSAI have been widely distributed. FSSAI besides has a really enlightening web site which is daily updated. ( H ) Advisories have been issued by FSSAI whenever warranted, as for illustration in the instance of cyanuramide in imported milk, possibility of radioactive taint in imported nutrients from Japan, antibiotics in honey etc. ( I ) FSSAI has established linkages with relevant institutes for development of developing stuff or carry oning studies/ studies or reding FSSAI in proficient affairs. Such institutes are IIPA, IGNOU, NIN, IIMB, EIC, NISG, APEDA, NDDB, QCI, IVRI and CFTRI. 6.111 As respects timelines for the intent it was stated that the activities of FSSAI are ongoing. However, the first 5 old ages after the Act comes into force are the most important old ages as the success of the Act and the fulfillment of its authorization will wholly depend on the handiness of financess for originating all the activities included in the strategy. Therefore, budget demand has been projected for the first 5 old ages, which coincides with the Twelfth Five Year Plan period. 6.112 Asked to spell out the quantum of fund required for the activities proposed the undermentioned estimations were furnished to the Committee: Broad Head of Activity/ Initiative Fund Required in 12th Plan Period ( Rs.in crore ) Cardinal Level State/UT degree Strengthening of Food Safety Infrastructure both at 630.00 410.00 Cardinal and State degree 207 Strengthening of Food Laboratory Infrastructure 195.00 1021.00 ( Including Up-gradation of 72 Public Labs, Mobile Labs, Food Lab at each District, National Food Science & A ; Risk Assessment Centre and Up-gradation of CFLs Training & A ; Capacity Building of Stakeholders including 15.00 30.00 National Food Safety Training Institute E-Governance system for Food Safety from Panchayat 506.00 50.00 upwards and Food Safety Surveillance Communication, Awareness & A ; Educational Programmes 900.00 350.00 New Building for FSSAI Headquarter & A ; Housing installation 450.00 – for staff SUB- TOTAL 2696.00 1861.00 GRAND TOTAL 4557.00 Note: Fiscal spending of Rs. 2,530 crore required by State/UT Governments in footings of merely wage of work force for Enforcement System during the 12th Five Year Plan is non included in the above. Regulating and Monitoring of Imported nutrient As per Clause 16 of the Act: ( 1 ) aa‚Â ¬E?it shall be the responsibility of the Food Authority to modulate and supervise the industry, processing, distribution, sale and import of nutrient so as to guarantee safe and wholesome nutrient. ( 2 ) Without bias to the commissariats of sub-section ( 1 ) , the Food Authority may by ordinances specify – ( a ) The criterions and guidelines in relation to articles of nutrient and stipulating an appropriate system for implementing assorted criterions notified under this Act ( B ) the bounds for usage of nutrient additives, harvest contaminations, pesticide residues, residues of veterinary drugs, heavy metals, treating AIDSs, myco-toxinz, antibiotics and pharmacological active substances and irradiation of nutrient ; ( degree Celsius ) the mechanisms and guidelines for accreditation of enfranchisement organic structures engaged in enfranchisement of nutrient safety direction systems for nutrient concerns ; ( vitamin D ) the process and the enforcement of quality control in relation to any article of nutrient imported into India ; ( vitamin E ) the process and guidelines for accreditation of research labs and presentment of the commissioned research labs ; ( degree Fahrenheit ) the method of trying, analysis and exchange of information among enforcement governments ; 208 ( g ) behavior study of enforcement and disposal of this Act in the Country ; ( H ) nutrient labeling criterions including claims on wellness, nutrition, particular dietetic utilizations and nutrient class systems for nutrients ; and ( I ) the mode in which and the process topic to which hazard analysis, hazard appraisal, hazard communicating and hazard direction shall be undertaken. 6.113 As reportedly nutrient products/commodities derived from transgenic beginnings are being sold in the Country, the Committee desired to cognize about the action taken by the Authority with a position to modulate the distribution, sale and import of such points. In response they were informed that at present all affairs refering to GM Organisms including GM nutrient is regulated by Genetic Engineering Approval Committee of the Ministry of Environment & A ; Forest in the Country. 6.114 Asked farther if the Authority by agencies of a specified ordinance defined bounds for usage of nutrient additives, harvests contaminations, pesticide residues, residues of veterinary drugs, heavy metals, treating AIDSs, myco- toxinz, antibiotics and pharmacological active substances and irradiation of nutrient, it was submitted that the bill of exchange Food Safety and Standards Regulations, 2010 were published vide Notification dated 20-10-2010 for ask foring public remarks. Based on the remarks received, the Regulations are under procedure of finalisation. ( 1 ) The usage of nutrient additives and their bounds and irradiation of nutrients are covered under Food Safety and Standards ( Food Merchandises criterions and Food Additive ) Regulations, 2011. ( 2 ) The definitions and bounds etc. of heavy metals, harvest contaminations, myco-toxinz, pesticide residues and residue of veterinary drugs, antibiotics are covered under separate ordinance viz. Food Safety and Standards ( Contaminants, Toxins and Residues ) Regulations, 2011. ( 3 ) The labelling of Irradiated Foods is given under Food Safety and Standards ( Packaging and Labelling ) Regulations, 2011. 6.115 It was further submitted that the above Regulations are in line with bing Prevention of Food Adulteration Rules, 1955 which will be repealed 209 after the new ordinances are notified shortly. The Chapter on Processing Aids has non been prescribed soon and this will be considered by Scientific Panel on Food Additives, Flavouring, Processing Aids and Material in Contact with Food before the bill of exchange Regulations in this respect are published for public remarks. 6.116 About the Authority holding specified mechanisms and guidelines for accreditation of enfranchisement organic structures engaged in enfranchisement of nutrient safety direction systems for nutrient concerns, the Committee were told that the figure and capablenesss of regulative bureaus in the provinces, municipalities and panchayets are presently unequal and it will take some clip for constructing up a strong cell of nutrient safety officers across the state. Keeping in position the accent placed by the Act on ego conformity, it is necessary for the Food Authority to set in topographic point elaborate counsel paperss on nutrient safety demands to be followed by nutrient concern operators. This will enable FBOs to measure themselves against these demands and retain grounds of their due diligence in this respect. 6.117 The Act specifies that the primary duty for safety is on the nutrient concern operators and for this, execution of appropriate nutrient safety direction systems is indispensable for which the FBO can be held accountable. The FSSAI as a portion of its ordinances has developed mention paperss which prescribe and provide degrees of safety and supply guidelines and norms which can at the same clip, be evaluated. FBOs are required to follow with these demands with whatever resources available and bit by bit achieve acceptable degrees of safety. In a sector which is characterised by complex engineering, unorganized operations and big figure of little participants, merely a flexible system of ego conformity, to be sporadically audited by the regulator, will be executable. The grade of conformity can so be checked by periodic regulative review. It will besides incentivise better safety patterns in industry, thereby cut downing the demand for frequent reviews. 6.118 The undermentioned bill of exchange paperss have been developed to back up the model through competent execution bureau: Requirements for enfranchisement organic structures / Inspection Bodies 210 Procedure for Recognition of Certification / Inspection Bodies by FSSAI and application signifier India HACCP criterions demands Agreement to be signed between recognized CBs/IBs and FSSAI Agreement between FSSAI and NABCB Certification standards for Food Safety Professional along with competency demands. Certification Process of Food Safety Professionals 6.119 To a question of the Committee as to whether the process and the enforcement of quality control in relation to any article of nutrient imported into India in general and of commodities/food merchandises derived from transgenic beginnings has been specified by the Authority, it was stated that the following Model for Safety of Imported Food has been laid down by FSSAI: Demand for imported nutrient points has increased well in India co-occuring with the impressive economic growing achieved by the State and coincident alterations in the import ordinances since last few old ages. Imports into India are permitted to be made through 255 entry points. These include 82 imposts ports, 32 imposts airdromes, 132 land imposts Stationss and 9 foreign station offices/sub-foreign station offices. Harmonizing to Directorate General of Commercial Intelligence & A ; Statisticss ( DGCI & A ; S ) , Ministry of Commerce, information India imported more than 76 lakh MTs of nutrient points during 2007-08 and 2008-09. Under the Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006, the Food Authority has besides the authorization of guaranting safety of nutrient points imported into the state. Port Health Officers ( PHOs ) of Directorate General of Health Servicess ( DGHS ) who were executing the responsibility of taking samples of imported nutrient points under subdivision 6 of PFA Act and acquiring tested in Cardinal Food Laboratories ( CFLs ) or PFA labs in States had withdrawn from the services related imported nutrient safety at some of the ports. Keeping in position the authorization under FSS Act and based on the treatment & A ; deliberations, it was realized that the FSSAI should acquire 211 into the procedure of imported nutrient clearance through assignment of Authorized Military officers in pursuit of subdivision 47 ( 5 ) of FSS Act, 2006 and take over the maps of PHOs where services had been withdrawn by DGHS. The FSSAI has operationalized the Food Import Clearance Process since August-September, 2010 in a phased mode through assignment of Authorized Officers in footings of subdivision 47 ( 5 ) of the FSS Act, 2006, at Chennai, Kolkata, Haldia, Mumbai and JNPT havens, Chennai International Airport, Mumbai International Airport, Kolkata International Airport, Indira Gandhi International Airport, New Delhi, CONCOR-ICD Tughlakabad, CWC-ICD Patparganj, ICD Faridabad/Ballabhgarh, ICD Dadri and ICD Loni in the NCR part. The maps of the FSSAIaa‚Â ¬a„?s Authorized Officer inter alia include the bing maps of the Port Health Officer under the PFA Act, 1954 with regard to imported nutrient clearance procedure, in co-ordination with the Customs governments. Adequate Numberss of NABL accredited research labs have been authorized at these locations for analysis of samples of imported nutrient points. MIS system to set import activities online has already been developed and pilot tally has been started at Chennai w.e.f. 1st June, 2011. Draft Food Import Regulations have besides been developed. Entire 29,756 Samples ( till 31st May, 2011 ) tested so far out which 152 were non-conforming. 6.120 The FSSAI will besides develop informations base for hazard based nutrient clearance system in due class.

Monday, July 29, 2019

Letter Response to Customer Complaint Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Letter Response to Customer Complaint - Essay Example Pursuant to your rights as enunciated in the DPA and in accordance with our commitment to provide you with the best service we can give, upon receiving your letter, the customer support department has immediately processed your request. Rest assured that we do not intent to contravene nor circumvent the clear mandate of the law. We have endeavored to process and comply with your request within 40 days as you requested, and we apologize for whatever unforeseen delay that may have occurred. In any case, we are attaching with this letter your financial statements for the past six years in case you haven't received them yet. We understand from your letter that there is discrepancy in the financial statements between the actual charges for the period of April 2001- April 2002 period totals 1,571.09 and the estimated charges which amount to 5,000. We assure you that the discrepancy will be resolved at the soonest possible time.

Sunday, July 28, 2019

Abortion survivors Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Abortion survivors - Essay Example The feelings of guilt resulting from a failed abortion determine the likely hood of allowing the continuance of the pregnancy. The paper will address some of the issues that abortion survivors have had to go through. Life surpasses the right to becoming pregnant. Gianna Jessen failed an abortion attempt when the mother was seven and a half months pregnant. Following the failed attempt, Gianna Jessen was delivered and adopted by a caring family and is currently an activist against the abortion of unborn children (Jessen). Sarah Smith is another survivor who lost her twin brother following an abortion attempt. Both Sarah and Jessen have had a life that has directly affected the birth mothers who are haunted by the guilt for causing so much pain and grief to their children (Smith). The decision to abort Gianna was made because her mother was only seventeen years old during the pregnancy and the economic costs scared her. Sarah’s mother was also afraid of raising another child since she already had five children. The failed pregnancies resulted in two inspirational women who the world needs to inspire people by making better life decisions. The trauma associated with a failed abortion. Melissa Ohden was born following a failed saline infusion abortion. When she was born, the doctors had a notation that she was only around thirty-one weeks into her gestation. The doctors were concerned that her ability to survive was limited and if she did the quality of life she would experience would be full of uncertainties. Currently, Melisa has developed into a healthy woman who is always searching for answers on why the mother wanted to abort her. Melissa discovered that she was an abortion survivor from her adopting parents while she was fourteen and since then her life changed drastically. The psychological torture and the unanswered questions affect her in varying degrees (Ohden). Jessen expresses

Saturday, July 27, 2019

The Solution to Solve The Gap Between Chinese Students and Native Essay

The Solution to Solve The Gap Between Chinese Students and Native American Students - Essay Example This small skills will advance into ‘small talks’ and this will lead to common understanding of other bigger topics between the students. They should also focus on listening, speaking which develops into the soft skills and hence they will find themselves engaging in casual talks and improve their activity in class. The American students feel that it’s the role of the institution to increase intercultural interactions to link the cultural gap (Brisk 2006). However the American students have their responsibility to tolerate the other student’s culture through peer pairing for students to collaborate outside the classroom and enhance cultural interactions between them. They should work in intercultural groups to reduce cultural stereotypes hence increasing the desire to work with people of different culture and this will lead to cultural tolerance of the American students to the other student’s cultures. Students should also practice residential programs such as activities in the student hostels for both international and domestic students to increase their cultural friendliness and tolerance (Brisk, 2006). In order to be prepared for the future economy with the Chinese economy, American student ought to appreciate the incorporation of some of the needful Chinese syllabus into their curriculum in their education system as one of the strategies towards equipping these students for the future task in the states economy (Brisk,

Friday, July 26, 2019

Cultural Conduct in Other Countries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Cultural Conduct in Other Countries - Essay Example The question that rises over here is how important role does a language play in cross border businesses? To run your business successfully in another country it requires a proper understanding of the culture of that country. And to understand the culture of that country, it is required to know and learn the language of that country. Every culture has different parameters and guidelines of thought. And the best way to understand the thought behind these parameters and guidelines is the language (Malt et. al, 1999). Language not only provides knowledge about culture, it also provides knowledge about economic and political situations. Knowledge of other languages has become very essential because now million of people share their ideas, common interests and communicate with each other across the world through internet and going cross border for businesses and study. All these things are possible due to the technological advancements. Here we take the example of America; the trade is gro wing rapidly here. Some business people are learning Spanish and Portuguese for there businesses. And now adays people are getting knowledge of other languages for economic integrations. Many Canadians have ability to speak English and French. And they have adopted these languages for the improvement of their jobs and businesses. So the knowledge of other languages gives us a unique thought and this thought helps us to make concepts and decisions correctly. Social Etiquette: Etiquette is a code of behavior or social behavior within the society, social class or group. Rules of etiquette generally based on social interaction within the society. It may be reflection of ethical codes, fashion and status of society, group or class. When someone is interacting with large social group or variety of people which have same interest, so there are some general rules to interact with them and these rules are socially acceptable. Business etiquette is similar to the social etiquette, but they ar e particularly for coworker’s interaction and vary from business to business (Johnson, 1997). When a businessman expands his business in other countries, he has to understand the language, cultures, taboos and etiquettes because different nations have different cultures and etiquettes. For example, in China if a person takes food item from a common bowl or plate without asking others that mean you are insulting the host. On the other side in America a guest has to eat all food in his plate as a compliment to the quality of food. In Korea and Japan, it is an old tradition for host and guest to fill their alcohol cups and encourage each other to take it, but if anyone doesn’t want to take alcohol for any reason, then it can become difficult for him to escape from it. So for a prospective businessman it is very essential to understand the etiquettes of other country. Because etiquettes provide help to interact with society. Basically etiquettes depend upon the culture. It may vary from culture to culture. If business people have knowledge about other country’s culture, language and etiquettes then they can easily create a good impression. Cultural Values: Cultural values are the ethical or moral values; values that reflect someone’s sense of good and evil or right and wrong. Cultural values are the reflection of attitudes and behavior of society or group. Norms are the behavior of people in a specific situation, and values are the judgment of this situation as good and

In what ways does David Fincher's The Social Network (2010) (Social Essay

In what ways does David Fincher's The Social Network (2010) (Social netweork is a movie)illustrate contemporary understandings - Essay Example This of course was no way to have a healthy relationship, but relationships were not his primary focus; his primary focus was on creating the best website for social networking in the world. The story basically focused on his relationship with Eduardo Saverin, the then CFO of the business and Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss, the twin brothers who gave the idea for Facebook to Zuckerberg (although this was not their initial idea). When looking at the ideas of intimacy and friendship, this movie brought out several issues that are apparent for people today who are engaged in social networking. 1 Intimacy and Relationships Zuckerberg seemed to have difficulty with intimacy because he could only go so far with women before they saw him as a jerk. In the beginning of the movie, the audience sees Zukerberg and his girlfriend Erica talking in one of the campus bars. Erica is there to breakup with him because she says, â€Å"being with you is exhausting; it’s like dating a StairMasterâ € . This was an insult to him but he did not see it as an insult at firs because he was attempting to understand what was happening. Smith (2010) called Zuckerberg a â€Å"social autistic† (p. 1) which in many ways she was correct. According to Rudy (2011) some autistic children have not developed social skills and this causes them to have problems with interacting socially. When watching the movie, it was clear that Zuckerberg had problems with interacting with people. Also, they have a tendency not to be able to pick up the subtle cues that people give to each other in face to face conversation. Although this has never been discussed in relation to the real Zuckerberg, there are several websites devoted to people with autism that speculate that he could have Asperger’s Syndrome. Whether this is true or not is not certain, but this could explain why the character in the movie had such challenges. Intimacy is not always easy for many people no matter what their situ ation and this may be due to Attachment Theory. Dinero et al. (2011) studied the family of origin to understand whether there was a relationship between the family of origin and an individual’s ability to form an intimate relationship. What they found was that if a child had positive attachment interactions wit their parents when they were 15 and 16, that these relationships would help them build attachment security with another person by the time they were 25. They also found that the family of origin and other positive romantic relationships created an ability to have a secure attachment later in life. Intimacy then can be determined by the quality of attachment that an individual has or does not have with their family of origin. Zuckerberg also has problems making and keeping friends. The movie is about the early years of Facebook and it is not known whether he has learned from his mistakes in real life, but it was certain that he did not learn from Dale Carnegie (1936) in terms of how to make friends and keep them. Carnegie suggested that there were three fundamental techniques in handling people: 1) you should not criticize them; 2) you should honestly appreciate them (letting them know this); and 3) you should arouse an eagerness in them for something they want. Although Zuckerberg had many people around him, he constantly criticized or condemned them, never showed them that he appreciated them and never really nurtured those people around him who could have been of great help to him. An example of this

Thursday, July 25, 2019

Streetcar Named Desire Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Streetcar Named Desire - Essay Example He led life his own way. He was a man who was keen to protect his sexual relationship with his wife and this is one of the reasons why Blanche thought it was important for her to protect her sister from his violent acts. There was sexual tension between Blanche and Stanley from the moment they first meet. In one scene Stella is out of the picture (in the bathroom washing her face) the first time Blanche encounters Stanley. They’re alone together. He takes off his shirt on the grounds that he wants to be â€Å"comfortable.† While Blanche pretends to be ok with this, we know later that such informalities in fact make her feel uncomfortable. In another scene when Stanley rifles through the personal things in Blanche’s trunk, it’s as though he’s violating her as well. The big â€Å"Stelll-ahhhhh!!!† scene is as much about Blanche’s discomfort with Stanley’s destructive sexuality as it is fear for her sister. She’s horrified that Stella goes back downstairs in order to make love with Stanley. She even tried to persuade Stella but she chose brutish love over a better life. Her love for Stanley gave him the advantage over his enemy. Blanches jealousy is also quite noticeable in many scenes. Since she is dealing with the loss of her husband, Belle Reve, she envies her sister’s happiness and protection and how she has sexual freedom. In Scene Four Blanche says: â€Å"What such a man has to offer is animal force. But the only way to live with such a man is to go to bed with him! And that’s your job not mine!† It seems unfeasible for Blanche to relate a man in a non-sexual way, even those men who would be considered inappropriate for her i.e. her brother-in-law, Stanley. Even so, she was always quite eager to get a hold of Stanley’s attention and receive compliments about her physical appearance from him. After their first

Wednesday, July 24, 2019

Fallow's viva bilingualism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Fallow's viva bilingualism - Essay Example He notes that the initiatives are based on American fears. One of the fears is that the human brain cannot be able to accommodate different languages. The other fear is noted that America’s fear that English language is likely to be edged by other languages. In his argument, Fallows notes that it is possible for the brain to accommodate different languages. He notes competence gained by those who speak various languages such as in Indonesia and Malaysia. Fallows further notes that countries such as Japan have been encouraging study of English as a way of boosting communication. This is seen as a way of boosting prominence of English language rather than a threat to the existence of language. Analysis of the author essay will help in highlighting the intention of the author. The author makes several claims in the essay. The first major claim is that the reason Americans are against bilingualism is that they view it as polygamy. The perception of bilingualism as polygamy makes Americans shy away from embracing other languages. In America society, polygamy is seen as failing to work as it leads to skewed commitment to the spouse. Commitment of man to one wife is seen as depleting what is available for the other wife. The same analogy is used in the English language. The author notes that the perception is that there is less room in individual’s brain. Hence, commitment to one language such as Spanish would mean lack of room to learn and understand another language such as English. The author uses statistics to highlight the reason for such behavior. He notes â€Å"Ninety –nine percent of all Americans can happily live their lives speaking and thinking about no other language but English† (Fallows, n.d, p 260). The other major claim by the author is that fear of bilingualism is based on perceived threat to English language. He notes that

Tuesday, July 23, 2019

Employee Relations Master Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Employee Relations Master - Case Study Example Similarly the conflicts as well as the disagreements in the company could be resolved and structured in a way that any industrial actions or any other forms of disaffections are avoided. The company should also provide a framework which is normative for dealing and the identification of the problematic areas in the company. (Alderman 1992) In this scenario Tim Fraser an employee at the Brinley Financial Services has been a product sales assistant for two years. His main job has been selling the company's products and recording the sales details on a database. He has periodically been visiting websites that are unrelated to his job during his break periods but recently he has however been doing so regularly during the working day. According to him he is only killing time since the other employees do it too. The company has however stopped this activity by issuing a new guideline which states that "Henceforth staff must not use Company equipment for non-work activity. Failure to comply with this policy may expose the employee to disciplinary action and possibly dismissal." One day Tim's supervisor Maxine Tim's supervisor saw that he was on another visit and he therefore decided to suspend him asking him to leave the building pending notice of the disciplinary hearing. On the other hand Tim's colleagues are very angry and they decide to refuse to work until Tim is reinstated. However the company has issued the workers with an official notice to immediately return to their duties and failure to do so could result to their dismissal because of their unlawful action. Strategies that was available to Maxine Salter and the BFS to avoid such a dispute. In the scenario above there are some strategies and styles as well as some disciplinary procedures that the company would have adapted so as to avoid such a dispute. (Ashdown 1993) Managerial styles The company should adapt to managerial styles that are flexible and avoid the arbitrary and the punitive discipline models which are associated with a very hard management styles. The company's management should adapt a reconstructed model which is corrective and which is also associated with the soft management. In such a model there are very few dismissible offences and also the stages that are involved in the procedures gives a lot of opportunity for an employee to reform even though the process due is imperative. By the company adapting such a model it will be seen as very respectable and also fair in all its dealings especially when it comes to disciplinary action on the employees. If this management is appropriately used Maxine Salter who is the supervisor would have given Tim who had been periodically visiting websites that are unrelated to his job during his break periods an opportunity to attend an assistance program in opposition to taking any other form of action such as suspending him in an un-procedural manner. But if the assistance program fails then he should dismiss him if need be and such actions would be perceived to be very legitimate by the external agencies as well as the workforce. This is because the company has taken the initiative to correct the behaviour but no positive results were attained. Disciplinary procedures and rules relating to industrial conflict It is very important the Maxine and the BFS Company to know that any disciplinary proc

Monday, July 22, 2019

Race and Native American Essay Example for Free

Race and Native American Essay Identify and briefly explain the dimensions by referencing both textbooks. Some of the different primary dimensions of diversity include age, gender, mental and physical abilities, race, ethnic heritage, and sexual orientation. These are primary due to the fact that they are more fixed, visible, and relevant to an identity. For example, a male in his mid-thirties are all primary dimensions. There are also secondary dimensions such as geographic location, military/work experience, family status, income, religion, language, education, communication, and work style. For example, a male in his thirties who plays piano while drinking apple cider for a hobby would be secondary. As we learned in class the difference between these are easily remembered by thinking visible and invisible. At first glance one would be able to guess age and gender, however the secondary dimensions are wide and welcome judgments to a closed mind. ?With what ethnic, cultural, or other groups do you identify? Describe what members of your social circle have in common. My ethnic background is Native American and Portuguese. On my mother’s side of the family I get the Native American. Our tribe is the Karok tribe. Its origins are Northern California. I am not registered; however I get bit and pieces from my mom sometimes. She tells me that I am an 8th Native American. This if I am not mistaken is enough to qualify for the federal benefits for health care and school funds. I have just not done the footwork to find out. This leads me into the second piece of the question. I am not a part of this social circle and I cannot answer what we all have in common other than the physical appearance. Generally, we all have dark hair and olive skin tone, and also having brown or hazel eyes. I notice from the members of my family that the woman age very well. Not so much the men. Inclusion is described as an addition. For example relative to thus class, an African American child being adopted by a Hispanic family and ten years later the African American child adapting to the rituals and cultural expectations if the Hispanic culture. This word can pertain to a wide variety of situations. Another example would be a defect in a precious stone such as a ruby or diamond. ?What is the difference between diversity and inclusion? Idictonary defines diversity as a noun meaning the condition of having or being composed of differing elements; variety. ?What is the importance of workplace diversity training? ?What is your experience with workplace culture? Could there be, or could there have been, more inclusion?

Information Security Classification Essay Example for Free

Information Security Classification Essay Information Security is simply the process of keeping information secure: protecting its availability, integrity, and privacy (Demopoulos). With the advent of computers, information has increasingly become computer stored. Marketing, sales, finance, production, materials, etc are various types of assets which are computer stored information. A large hospital is an institution which provides health care to patients. They are staffed by doctors, nurses, and attendants. Like any large organization, a hospital also has huge amounts of data and information to store. Hospitals have increasingly become automated with computerized systems designed to meet its information needs. According to the Washtenaw Community College website, the following types of information are stored in a Hospital: †¢ Patient information †¢ Clinical laboratory, radiology, and patient monitoring †¢ Patient census and billing †¢ Staffing and scheduling †¢ Outcomes assessment and quality control †¢ Pharmacy ordering, prescription handling, and pharmacopoeia information †¢ Decision support †¢ Finance and accounting †¢ Supplies, inventory, maintenance, and orders management Viruses, worms and malware are the most common threats to information security. In computers, a virus is a program or programming code that replicates by being copied or initiating it’s copying to another program, computer boot sector or document (Harris, 2006). Floppy disks, USB drives, Internet, email are the most common ways a virus spreads from one computer to another. Computer viruses have the potential to damage data, delete files or crash the hard disk. Many viruses contain bugs which can cause system and operating system crashes. Computer worms are malicious software applications designed to spread via computer networks (Mitchell). They also represent a serious threat to information security. Email attachments or files opened from emails that have executable files attached are the way worms spread. A Trojan is a network software application designed to remain hidden on an installed computer. Software designed to monitor a persons computer activity surreptitiously and which transmits that information over the internet is known as spy ware (Healan, 2005). Spy ware monitors information using the machine on which it is installed. The information is transmitted to the company for advertising purposes or sold to third party clients. Identity theft and data breaches are two of the biggest problems facing Information security managers. Hackers steal Social Security numbers, credit card data, bank account numbers and other data to fund their operations. There are other potential threats to the hospital information like power outages, incompetent employees, equipment failure, saboteurs, natural disasters, etc. A large hospital requires an information classification policy to ensure that information is used in appropriate and proper manner. The use of the information should be consistent with the hospital’s policies, guidelines and procedures. It should be in harmony with any state or federal laws. The hospital’s information should be classified as follows: 1. Restricted 2. Confidential 3. Public Restricted information is that which can adversely affect the hospital, doctors, nurses, staff members and patients. Its use is restricted to the employees of the hospital only. Finance and accounting, supplies, inventory, maintenance, and orders management are restricted information which comes in this category. Confidential information includes data on patients which must be protected at a high level. Patient information, clinical laboratory, radiology, and patient monitoring are some of the information which comes in this category. It can also include information whose disclosure can cause embarrassment or loss of reputation (Taylor, 2004). Public information includes data which provides general information about the hospital, its services, facilities and expertise to the public. Security at this level is minimal. This type of information requires no special protection or rules for use and may be freely disseminated without potential harm (University of Newcastle, 2007). Information Classification Threat Justification Patient information Confidential Disclosure or removal Any disclosure or removal can cause serious consequences to the patient Clinical laboratory, radiology, and patient monitoring Confidential Disclosure or removal Any disclosure or removal can cause serious consequences to the patient Finance and accounting, supplies, inventory, maintenance, and orders management Restricted Loss or destruction Any loss or destruction of this information could be very dangerous for the organization General information about the hospital, its services, facilities and expertise Public Low threat Low threat since the information is public. It would affect public relations however. Research Information Confidential Disclosure or removal This is confidential material since its exposure would cause serious consequences for the hospital Figure: Classification table Information is an asset for the hospital. The above information classification policy defines acceptable use of information. They are based according to the sensitivity of the information. According to the government of Alberta information security guideline, there are four criteria are the basis for deciding the security and access requirements for information assets. These criteria are: Integrity: information is current, complete and only authorized and accurate changes are made to information; Availability: authorized users have access to and can use the information when required; Confidentiality: information is only accessed by authorized individuals, entities or processes; and Value: intellectual property is protected, as needed. Information security must adequately offer protection through out the life span of the information. Depending on the security classification, information assets will need different types of storage procedures to ensure that the confidentiality, integrity, accessibility, and value of the information are protected. The hospital director must be responsible for the classification, reclassification and declassification of the hospital’s information. The information security policy must be updated on a regular basis and published as appropriate. Appropriate training must be provided to data owners, data custodians, network and system administrators, and users. The information security policy must also include a virus prevention policy, intrusion detection policy and access control policy. A virus prevention policy would include the installation of a licensed anti virus software on workstations and servers. The headers of emails would also be scanned by the anti virus software to prevent the spread of malicious programs like viruses. Intrusion detection systems must be installed on workstations and servers with critical, restricted and confidential data. There must be a weekly review of logs to monitor the number of login attempts made by users. Server, firewall, and critical system logs should be reviewed frequently. Where possible, automated review should be enabled and alerts should be transmitted to the administrator when a serious security intrusion is detected. Access to the network and servers and systems should be achieved by individual and unique logins, and should require authentication. Authentication includes the use of passwords, smart cards, biometrics, or other recognized forms of authentication. This policy is the access control policy. It prevents unauthorized access to critical data. A large hospital like any organization today uses computers to store its information. The classification of its data is a very important goal to protect it from threats like viruses, Trojans, worms, spy ware, ad ware and hackers. Natural disasters and incompetent employees are another type of threats to the hospital’s data. A proper information security policy can protect the organization’s critical data from any external or internal threat. Bibliography Allen, Julia H. (2001). The CERT Guide to System and Network Security Practices. Boston, MA: Addison-Wesley. 0-201-73723-X. Krutz, Ronald L. ; Russell Dean Vines (2003). The CISSP Prep Guide, Gold Edition, Indianapolis, IN: Wiley. 0-471-26802-X. Layton, Timothy P. (2007). Information Security: Design, Implementation, Measurement, and Compliance. Boca Raton, FL: Auerbach publications. 978-0-8493-7087-8. McNab, Chris (2004). Network Security Assessment. Sebastopol, CA: OReilly. 0-596-00611-X. Peltier, Thomas R. (2001). Information Security Risk Analysis. Boca Raton, FL: Auerbach publications. 0-8493-0880-1.

Sunday, July 21, 2019

Abdullah Badawi’s Effect on Political Economy

Abdullah Badawi’s Effect on Political Economy 1.0 INTRODUCTION Tun Abdullah Ahmad Badawi, the fifth Malaysia’s Prime Minister (2003-2009), was born on 26th November, 1939 in Kampung Perlis, Bayan Lepas. He was greatly influenced by his family religious background and further strengthened it through the subject of Islamic Studies in Universiti Malaya, and graduated in 1964. After he was graduated from Universiti Malaya, Abdullah was working as a civil servant, including Assistant Secretary in the Public Services Department and Head Assistant Secretary in the National Operation Council (NOC) (Welsh, 2003). At that time, he also was also being a Director in the Ministry of Youth and Sports; and since 1974, Deputy Chief Secretary in the same ministry. In 1978, Abdullah resigned in the civil service and had been elected as the candidate for Kepala Batas Parliament seat For the year 1978-1987, Abdullah has won the 1978 elections for the Kepala Batas Parliament seat (Sivamurugan Rusdi Omar Mohd Azizuddin, 2010). He was then elected as Parliamentary Secretary and Deputy Minister in the Federal Territory Ministry. He was also been Minister in Prime Minister’s Department (1981-1984), Minister of Education (1984-1986), Minister of Defence (1986-1987). From the year 1987 to 1990, it was climax in Abdullah’s political leadership. The growth of Anwar Ibrahim and the presence of opposition leaders in UMNO had not feared by Abdullah (Sivamurugan Rusdi Omar Mohd Azizuddin, 2010). By this, he finally get the highest position in the party and government. He was trusted by Dr.Mahathir to offer him for involving in 1990 General Elections. He was also elected as the part of Cabinet. The support gained by Abdullah not only particularly on inner support but also because of his inner confidence and strength that had given him a trust by peoples (Sivamurugan Rusdi Omar Mohd Azizuddin, 2010).. Abdullah was served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs during 1991-1999. At that time, Abdullah also succeeded in winning back the UMNO Vice President seat in the 1996 elections after the failure to win Vice President seat in 1993 (Case, n.d). He gained the Dr. Mahathir’s trust and was finally elected as the UMNO Deputy President in 1999 and Deputy Prime Minister, the fourth under the leadership of Dr. Mahathir. In Jun 2002, Dr. Mahathir announced to retire, and announced to the public that he had given trust to Abdullah to be his successor of Prime Minister. The main objective to conduct this case study is to critically examine the political economy throughout his reign of nearly six years. The specific objectives are; firstly, to critically review Abdullah’s political performance by providing the election report between 2003-2009 and figure out the reason why the mass supported him; secondly, to interpret the international economy oil price and its problems; thirdly, to identify issues and challenges during his tenure, whether Abdullah’s political policy affects the Malaysia’s economy or vice versa or both. To complete our research, we will assess the data from books in library, journals articles, newspapers and electric sources to prove whether our argument is valid or not. The research is conducted by 3 members, everyone from each will be divided to collect sources based on their own task. Our finding will dramatically advance our understanding of political economy under the administration of Abdullah. 2.0 LEADERSHIP OF ABDULLAH BADAWI During Abdullah’s premiership, the government policies did not change much. To him, he was presiding over an individual change rather than regime change. Abdullah implemented his promise to address corruption. Abdullah is widely admired for his religious knowledge and credentials, and can confront Islamic radicals (in his own quiet way) while maintaining respect from mainstream society (McCreedy, 2003). Abdullah’s personal style—mild, incremental, consensual—will differ from the fiery tone of his predecessor (Tun Mahathir), and likely improve relations with the West (McCreedy, 2003). Not having as Mahathir aggressive personality as Mahathir had, Abdullah showed an early willingness to listen and work as a team. He attempted to bring economic liberalisation, declared war on corruption, improved governance, and opened up democratic space (Ahmad Fauzi Abdul Hamid Muhammad Takiyuddin Ismail, 2012). To reform policy, he re-attached importance to agriculture, re-emphasized poverty eradication, highlighted human capital development, and shifted focus to regional development which was been practiced by the second Prime Minister, Tun Abdul Razak. Abdullah was so much emphasing on religious and he attempted to establish Islam Hadhari, a progressive approach towards understanding and practising Islam as a modern rather than conservative religion. Thus, Abdullah’s leadership style was soft-personality, but under his premiership, many plans were proved to be more than just declare. 3.0 ISSUES AND CHALLENGES FACED BY TUN ABDULLAH BADAWI 3.1 The Global Financial Crisis (2008-2009) The global financial crisis (GFC), caused by the bursting of a speculative bubble in the US housing market in 2008, affected the capital flows, trade flows, and commodity prices of the world (Athukorala, 2010). Different countries have been affected differently, depending on the nature of their financial/trade linkages with the rest of the world, the quality of financial institutions and polices. As we will see below, for Malaysia, the financial and economic development had worsened in 2008 and 2009. Our GDP remained declining in the year of 2008, ultimately 0.1% growth of GDP in third quarter of 2008. The GDP felt by approximately 3% in the fourth quarter of 2008, which was also the first time in negative territory since 2001 (figure 1) (World Trade Organization, 2011). From the data interpreting above, we could imagine that during Abdullah Badawi’s premiership, the main challenge affected by global financial crisis was the declining of GDP in Malaysia in 2008 and the exportation of Malaysia declined. 3.2 International Oil Price Crisis The second issue and challenge faced by Abdullah Badawi is international oil price crisis by 2008. The oil price has skyrocketed to levels never predicted by the strategists and economic planners, estimated from USD170 per barrel in end 2008 to USD200 in 2009 (D-8 Secretariat Istanbul, 2008). The increasing of oil price at that time also caused the price of food increased beyond the normal abilities to pay by the poor. Abdullah Badawi (2008) said that the oil price crisis was required global-level solutions, and Malaysia was needed to bring up this issue to international community to resolve together. It is undeniably that the oil price crisis also caused the most urgent challenge facing by Malaysia was the food shortage in the world. As the global oil price increased, the food price also increased, and believed to reach more than 75% since 2000 (D-8 Secretariat Istanbul, 2008). These had threatened to the Malaysia’s economic growth under Abdullah Badawi’s tenure. Thus, the methods that used by Abdullah Badawi to solve the issue were to cut off the government subsidy on fuel (since the increasing of oil price has burdened the government subsidy on fuel) and also suggested to produce or creating alternative sources of energy, such as bio-fuels and agriculture. From Table 1, fuel subsidies had raised from RM2.4bil or 3.8% of total operating expenses (OE) and 0.7% of GDP in 2001 to RM7.3bil in 2006 or 6.8% of total OE and 1.3% GDP (Ministry of Finance, 2008). While in 2007, it rose further to RM8.8bil or 1.4% of GDP (Ministry of Finance, 2008). In estimated 2008, fuel subsidies would escalate to estimate RM15.5bil or 12% of total OE and 2.3% of GDP (table 1) (Ministry of Finance, 2008). From Table 2, the petroleum product subsidy had increased from RM16.0bil in 2005 to RM16.2bil in 2007, but had decreased from 43.7% of total subsidy in 2005 to 37.3% in 2007 (Ministry of Finance, 2008). It could be said that the government had begun to cut off the fuel subsidy due to the increasing of oil price in 2007 but had put more effort on gas price subsidy due to Abdullah Badawi’s recommendation policy on replacing the fuel energy. 4.0 POLITICAL POLICY AFFECTS ECONOMY OR ECONOMY AFFECTS POLITICAL POLICY? During Abdullah Badawi’s tenure, whether his political policy had affected Malaysia’s economy or the economy had affected his political policy? Based on our research, we would critic that during Abdullah Badawi’s era, the economy had affected his politcal policy. We would provide few facts at the following to support our critical analysis. The first fact is, the rising of world oil price to between US90 and US100 a barrel is expected to force Abdullah Badawi administration on reduction in fuel subsidies in 2008. According to Asia Times (2008), the fuel and gas subsidiaries approximately cost US12bil a year. The global oil price crisis had put increasing burdens on the family budgets, especially the middle-income family from developing country. Not only that, the oil price crisis also forced governments to curtail expenditures or reallocate resources for development in order to meet the more immediate needs of societies (D-8 Secretariat Istanbul, 2008). Thus, from our analysis, we could comment that the rising of oil price had affected Abdullah Badawi to reduce or cut off the fuel subsidies policy to societies. However, we could not find any other long-term solutions yet to stabilize the price of oil in the market. Perhaps, the reduction on fuel subsidies would be the best alternatives for controlling the government exp enditures. However, Abdullah Badawi’s reduction fuel subsidiary policy had been implemented until today. It could be proven by Malaysian government now (Najib Razak’s era) is following Abdullah Badawi’s step to cut fuel subsidy on ron95 fuel (Athukorala, 2010). In our opinion, there are pros and cons on abolishing fuel subsidy in Malaysia. The pros definitely would be the Malaysia takes advantages of falling global oil price and reduce the burden of government. If cut off fuel subsidy be implemented, the oil price would be followed international oil price, thus, if global oil price reduces, then Malaysia would pay lesser to import oil (McAleavey, 2014). Moreover, abolishing fuel subsidy could benefits government because government could save up the money to use it on other field of subsidiaries. The con on abolishing fuel subsidy in Malaysia would be widen the wealth gap issues. Dismissing fuel subsidy would be benefited to high-income households instead of protecting the l ow-income workers (Palatino, 2014). Nevertheless, in our point of view, if the reduction on fuel subsidy policy would be announced and get opinion from the societies first, it would be more beneficial to both societies and government to achieve a win-win situation. The second fact that we could provide to prove that the economy had affected Abdullah Badawi’s policy is the recommendation on Bio-Fuel Policy in 2006 (D-8 Secretariat Istanbul, 2008) by Abdullah Badawi as a renewable sources of energy to encounter the increasing of oil price issue. The goal to implement this policy is to promote the use of bio fuels as an alternative to petroleum in Malaysia. Examples of bio-fuel or bio-gas could be natural gas vehicles (NGV). Based on our finding, National Biofuel Policy (NBP) provided an alternative to reduce the dependency on petroleum in Malaysia. Palm oil is used as the alternative resource to replace the depleting petroleum as it is more environmental friendly and it could produce investments for it value added-finished products. Oil palm is an energy-efficient crop and the adoption of renewable energy resources started as the crisis of increasing oil price and depletion of crude oil reserve. Palm oil contribute the largest part in Malaysia’s economic. NBP was being launched to sustain the economic growth. Few objectives were formulated to mobilize the local resources for biofuel production and explore new technology to generate energy as an alternative resources (table 2). In 2009, the use of B5 blends (Envo Diesel) of 5% diesel biofuels and 95% petroleum diesel was introduced (Majid, 2015). This was to create an environmental friendly and renewable energy resources. The use of biofuel is definitely a great idea yet the usage of diesel biofuel in Malaysia is still low. Moreover, diesel engined-vehicles is more expensive than petrol engined-vehicles. Thus, less people supported the biofuel policy. It is in fact that until today, the Najib Razak’s era, this policy was not implemented yet in Malaysia. The current prime minister could only implement the reduction of fuel subsidy policy, instead of carrying up the bio-fuel policy. Based on our research, there are a few weakness of this National Biofuel Policy which launched by Datuk Sri Abdullah Ahmad Badawi in 2006. Ccsenet.org (2011) mentioned that the weakness of this policy is that the demand from market is small. There is only few diesel users compare to petrol users. Thus, the biofuel policy only benefits some of the populations. Figure 2 shows the difference of energy consumption between petroleum products and biodiesel in Malaysia. The minuscule domestic market could not gain much profits and supports from the people and lastly would fail to reach the objectives of the policy. Besides that, the biofuel infrastructure which could fulfill the basis of nation was not sufficient. People might feel interested and wish to try something which is new and environmentally friendly yet the lack of infrastructure had made the policy unsuccessful. According to Phys.Org (2009), 16 biofuel plants were built but due to low price of biofuel was not being operated. The infrastructure that being built was wasted and made the people feel not confident with the good side of biofuel. The lack of market opportunities of biofuel had also lead to the failure of this policy. Development of biofuel always related to the rain forest deforestation which lead to biodiversity loss. Malaysia has chosen a solution of land-clearing to get plant oil-palm for biodiesel. Climate changes and global warming had become the issue in few conferences and lead to the failure of this policy. Resources and skilled workers and research were not fully utilized to conduct the policy. Thus, National Biofuel Policy is indeed a good policy if we have sufficient manpower, resources and technology intelligence to make it successful and increase the nation’s economic growth. However, the lack of skilled labour and technology and high dependency towards petroleum had caused the implementation of the mandate of B5 biodiesel sale to be delayed in February 2010. 5.0 CONCLUSION The difference in Abdullah Badawi’s leadership style with his predecessor brings about cause for some to consider it as a weakness and loss of control (Utusan Malaysia, 19 September 2006). Under his tenureship, Malaysia had experienced two big challenges, which are the global financial crisis and international oil price crisis during 2008-2009. These two challenges yet never came into a long-term solutions to solve these issues until today. Therefore, in our opinion, the international oil crisis, cut off subsidiaries on oil and increased of oil prices in Malaysia perhaps are the reasons to let him lose his mass support on general election in 2008. REFERENCES Welsh, B. (2003). Malaysias transition: Elite contestation, political dilemmas and incremental change. Washington, D.C: Asia Program Special Report. Sivamurugan, P., Rusdi Omar., Mohd Azizuddin. (2010). Work with Me, Not for Me†: Malaysia under Abdullah Ahmad Badawi (2003-2009). Asian Culture and History, Volume 2, Issue 1. Case, W. (n.d). Abdullah Badawi’s first year as Malaysia’s Prime Minister. Austrialia: Griffith Asia Institute. McCreedy, A. (2003). Passing the mantle: A new leadership for Malaysia. Washington, D.C: Asia Program Special Report. Welsh, B. (2003). Malaysias transition: Elite contestation, political dilemmas and incremental change. Washington, D.C: Asia Program Special Report. Welsh, B. (2003). Malaysias transition: Elite contestation, political dilemmas and incremental change. Washington, D.C: Asia Program Special Report. Welsh, B. (2003). Malaysias transition: Elite contestation, political dilemmas and incremental change. Washington, D.C: Asia Program Special Report. http://www.energyglobal.com/downstream/refining/30102014/Malaysia-reduces-fuel-prices-1527/ http://thediplomat.com/2014/10/why-malaysia-reduced-its-fuel-subsidy/ http://www.twn.my/title2/ge/ge26.pdf APPENDIXES Figure 1: Real GDP and trade growth of Malaysia, 2008-10 Source: World Trade Organization, 2011. https://www.wto.org/english/news_e/pres11_e/pr628_e.htm Figure 2: The Difference of Energy Consumption between Petroleum Products and Biodiesel in Malaysia. Source: National Energy Balance 2012 (Retrieved from Malaysia Energy Statistic Handbook, 2014) Table 1: Malaysia’s Fuel Subsidies 2001-08 Table 2: Malaysia’s Subsidies and Financial Assistance (RM bil) 2005-07 Source: Ministry of Finance, Bank Negara, Department of Information, Malaysia CIMB/GK Research, 2008.

Saturday, July 20, 2019

Grapes of Wrath Essay -- essays research papers

We as Americans have seen our share of violence whether it is first hand, through the media, or in history books. We have seen the pain and struggle that these people must go through in order to survive. This novel, The Grapes of Wrath, relates to some of the many times of violence and cruelty that this America has seen. During the Dust Bowl, hundreds of thousands of southerners faced many hardships, which is the basis of the novel called The Grapes of Wrath. It was written to portray the harsh conditions during the Dust Bowl. When one considers the merit of this novel, one thinks, how can Americans treat other Americans so horribly. After reviewing American History, the mistreatment of the "Okies" in The Grapes of Wrath can be concluded as being valid. After slavery, blacks were terribly mistreated. During the Civil War, Americans were divided. During the Red Scare, Americans mistrusted other Americans. These three different periods of U.S. history display how Americans can treat fellow Americans so cruelly. In The Grapes of Wrath, the Californians wanted to rid the "dirty" Okies from California because they were afraid of them. They were afraid that the Okies would take their land. In The Grapes of Wrath, Okies were unjustly beaten. The California police beat them for no just reason because they wanted the Okies to leave the state. The police killed Casey for no just reason. They killed him just because they thought he w...

Friday, July 19, 2019

The Fatalist Essay -- Literary Analysis, Singer, Schwartz, Irony

In â€Å"The Fatalist† written by Isaac Bashevis Singer, verbal and situational irony is used to highlight Benjamin Schwartz’s (the Fatalist’s) strange views of fate and pre-destiny by pointing out the absurdity of fatalism in different ways. Verbal irony is used by certain characters to almost mock the Fatalist’s view on preordainment. Situational irony is used in â€Å"the Fatalist† by giving us a shocking ending, and ultimately reversing our original perspective on fate. Singer’s main purpose by using irony in â€Å"the Fatalist† is to contradict our previous outlook on a specific occurrence in the story and give us a totally new perspective achieved by sarcasm or just plain old incongruity between what we expect to happen and what really happens. There are many instances in â€Å"the Fatalist† that exemplify irony, but they must be broken down in order to understand their significance. The Fatalist and his controversy amongst the townspeople are introduced shortly after his arrival. He would give speeches on his beliefs about fatalism and fielded questions, complaints and retorts from his audiences. People began to be too familiar with fatalism even so that â€Å"a new word was added to the town’s vocabulary†¦everyone here (there) knows what a fatalist, even the beadle of the synagogue and the poorhouse attendant† (190). This example of verbal irony demonstrates how big of a deal Benjamin Fatalist was to the society. Even though some may have not agreed with him, he was certainly a newcomer that others were interested in. This also defines an introduction for the fatalist; we now can understand why he was welcomed and treated the way he was. The most important antagonist in â€Å"the Fatalist† is Heyele Minz. She is responsible for the majority of the v... ... end results in marriage. They evidently still despise each other, but a deal is a deal. â€Å"The Fatalist† is a story of sarcasm and irony. Verbal irony and situational irony are the playmakers in this novella, but they each play a different role in reversing our general perspective on events in â€Å"the Fatalist.† Verbal irony is used to reverse our opinions on a certain character or their actions while situational irony is used to reverse our original thoughts on the outcome of the story as a whole. Eventually all the examples of verbal irony come together to form the final result of the story, which ends up completely reversing our original perspective about the conclusion. Without a protagonist (the Fatalist) and the antagonist (Heyele), there is no possible way to lead a story to a dramatic and ironic ending. Most often, words must be spoken to change the outcome.

cuban missle crisis: a front row seat for the end of the world :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A Front Row Seat for the End of the World   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During the Cuban Missile Crisis in October 1962, I had a front row seat. I was Under Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs and, as a consequence, a member of President John Kennedy’s Executive Committee (ExComm) which dealt with our response. I believe I was the only one permitted to keep notes of the meetings, and have from time to time referred to them over the years. However, my recollections of our debates have been stimulated with the recent release of edited transcripts of the discussions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When in mid–October reconnaissance photos revealed that the Soviets were building missiles and bomber bases in Cuba, I was not surprised. Since July, there had been an increase in shipping from Soviet ports to Mariel in Cuba. On October 11, the French reported that their diplomats had seen trucks loaded with what appeared to be tarpaulin– covered missiles lumbering through Havana at night. I thought it probable that these were indeed offensive missiles, despite Soviet pledges that they would never put bases in Cuba and only defensive weapons. My thought at the time was that whatever Moscow was up to in Cuba was somehow connected with the lingering crisis over Berlin which had begun the previous August when the East Germans began to construct a wall sealing off the eastern sector. I believed that Khrushchev, recognizing that the importance of the city to the West made the risk of war high, was lying low on that crisis while creating a new one in Cuba with the intent of trading one off against the other, perhaps gaining leverage for concessions. But there were other reasons that the possibility of missiles in Cuba was not far–fetched. During the Berlin crisis, most of our contingency planning for military options had been based on estimates of impressive Soviet conventional and nuclear capabilities. For that reason, we had thought the possibility of escalation into a nuclear war was likely, and the Soviets could hit us very hard. However since then, the double agent Penkovskiy had confirmed what our own intelligence had been suggesting: that Soviet nuclear capabilities had been overestimated, and that we held the advantage—evidently one of the reasons why Moscow was putting intermediate and medium range missiles in Cuba. I viewed the existence of the missiles as a serious threat. They could reach any number of targets in the United States in a short time and, since we had set up no southern early warning system, a surprise attack would put us in a difficult position.

Thursday, July 18, 2019

Cystic Fibrosis Essay

Cystic Fibrosis is one of the most widespread genetic disorders in the modern world. While only 30,000 members of the American population is affected by the disease, millions of Americans are carriers of the disease; the difference between carriers and sufferers of the disease lies in the autosomal recessive nature of Cystic fibrosis. A truly documented history of Cystic fibrosis did not exist until well into the 1930s, although people did have an idea of what it was, as shown by the old German saying that â€Å"A child whose forehead tastes like salt when kissed will soon die†. It was not until recently that scientists learned that the disease arises from a mutation in the CF gene located on chromosome 7. This is the gene that is responsible for the proper production of the protein CFTR, a protein that controls the movement of salt and water in and out of the cells in a person’s body. In a person with Cystic fibrosis, the lack of a properly functioning CFTR protein cau ses for the production of sticky mucus that is excessively thick and very salty sweat. This mucus can then either clog the airways, causing progressive damage and complications with the respiratory system, or can also block ducts in the pancreas, which basically causes vitamin deficiency and malnutrition. Cystic Fibrosis currently has no cure, but there are many treatment options to help minimize the effects of the disease to help people live well into their 40’s or 50’s. Nowadays there are a lot of organizations and charities aiming to raise awareness of the disease to provide researchers with enough money to hopefully find a cure, and with new aspects of the disease being learned with each project, the hope of a cure does not seem that far-fetched. Bibliography â€Å"Cystic Fibrosis Symptoms, Causes, Treatment – What Are Other Names for Cystic Fibrosis? – MedicineNet.† MedicineNet. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Aug. 2013. â€Å"Cystic Fibrosis.† – Genetics Home Reference. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Aug. 2013. â€Å"Discovery Health.† Discovery Fit and Health. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Aug. 2013. Staff, Mayo Clinic. â€Å"Definition.† Mayo Clinic. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 13 June 2012. Web. 27 Aug. 2013.

Wednesday, July 17, 2019

Contingencies on the Moral Ethics of Qu’ran

Moral virtuous philosophy or honorableistic philosophy involves the trunkization, vindication and recommendation of the concepts of office and wrong behavior. Currently, we describe morality within the phantasmal tomes and its dictates. The normative concept of what is right and wrong is inspirationally determined that is to say that the moral dictums we celebrate or pattern is dependent on what the religious tomes, like the Bible for the Christians and Quran for the Moslem natter on its followers.Take for instance, the suras of Mohammad in Al-Isra The dark Journey of the Children of Israel , a Moslem aid of Allah, defines the virtues and duties of a faithful Moslem. Hereto we check into the moral dictums of calf 17 of Quran and moral implications on the contemporary society as well as some(prenominal) other(a) important issues like the sura politicization and oc au and sotic social relevance. Mohammads Sura 17Al Isra title The Night Journey of the Children of Israel is equivocal to the Abrahams Ten Commandments in the Christians Holy Bible.As human macrocosms, we atomic number 18 differentiated from the peacefulness of the animal kingdom by our major power to reason and to play by the secure of rules and obligations as members of the holistic society. The imposition of rules, regulations, and duties argon complex but the foundation is basal everyy the aforementioned(prenominal)they appear obligatory disregarding of the consequences that may follow. One major tenet of commerce theories is duty/obligation to deity/Allah and arguably, some(prenominal) religion for that matter, would necessitate or allude to the practice of in harbor and outwards worship to God.For Moslems, such practice is neatly outlined in the commandments imposed by Allah through the writings of His disciple Mohammad in Sura 17 of the Quran. The precepts of Moslem moral duty are basically the same with that of the Christian, Do non start, reward parents, Do non lie, revoke adultery, Do not covet, and law-abiding Sabbath. Because such moral duties were defined thousands of historic period ago, they would naturally lose the characteristic elasticity especially if correlative to the current demands of the changing society.The contention is that with the rise of technology and the current trend of globalization, moral duty is at present questioned with the concept of Darwinian adaptation. Looking at it this way, Moslem moral duty would contend to rectify the age old erudition to answer to the demands of the societal evolution. Would Allahs commandments be suffice to feed the moral pauperisation of the people? Apparently, Allah puts emphasis on major facie duties described in Quran Sura 17. In actuality such duties lay conflict on our daily life.Poverty is a lues venerea of the society and one of the major problems correlated to it is overpopulation. To combat this, the most presidential term prescribed or soundized stillb irth to control increasing population. Naturally, abortion is a huge no-no to Moslem duty and this was explicitly defined in Sura 17 YUSUFALI Kill not your children for attention of want We shall provide nourishment for them as well as for you. Verily the cleanup of them is a bully sin. PICKTHAL Slay not your children, fearing a fall to poverty, We shall provide for them and for you.Lo the absent of them is great sin. SHAKIR And do not kill your children for fear of poverty We give them criminal maintenance and yourselves (too) surely to kill them is a great wrong (v 32). The notion is laughable considering that natural elevation children is a responsibility which entails financial sustenance and not rightful(prenominal) from abstract preparedness from Allah. magic spell it confessedly that abortion is an temporary method of population control from the religious view, it cannot be contested that it is a legal right in most horse opera and Westernized countries alike.Ad ditionally, the verse is withal in contra with the women empowerment on their right to choose to take life of their own accord. Herein on that point is a question on exclusive moral conviction in a sense, abortion is not religiously right by the premise of Allahs Sura which is in contrast with the current trends on upholding women empowerment and the stabilizing force of the government-erected constitution. mayhap the most debated issue on Allahs commands is the verse concerning murder and the in force(p)ice system underscored by it .YUSUFALI Nor take life which Allah has do sacred get out for just cause.And if eachone is slain wrongfully, we bring stipulation his heir confidence (to demand qisas or to forgive) but let him not exceed bounds in the matter of taking life for he is helped (by the Law). PICKTHAL And slay not the life which Allah hath prohibit save with right. Whoso is slain wrongfully, We have given power unto his heir, but let him not commit excess in slaying. Lo he will be helped. SHAKIR And do not kill any one whom Allah has interdict, except for a just cause, and whoever is slain unjustly, We have indeed given to his heir authority, so let him not exceed the just limits in slaying surely he is aided (V. 3). While it is true that murder is forbidden in Islam, in that respect also constitute a just salary for the victim and the allusion of Allah as the Supreme Being, Him being a cause to die for. Compensatory reparation proceed by an near unusual manner Sharia law of qisas (retaliation) dictates an almost undemocratic treatment of the murder victims with sloping favors for the Islams and still half of blood money allowed for the non-Islams.Such system of compensation is far-fetch from the now-favored legislative system which does not pass pour down court decisions on compensatory damages depending on the type of religion. The notion of Supremist religion of the Islamic community is instigated by the fact that Quran and any Islamic texts (if not abrogated) states the omnipotence and the due revere that must be bestowed to Him Allah, and if otherwise not followed, will incur the curses of Allah and all mankind.YUSUFALI And charge them on until there is no more than Tumult or oppression, and there defy justice and faith in Allah but if they cease, Let there be no hostility except to those who practise oppression. PICKTHAL And advertize them until persecution is no more, and religion is for Allah. But if they desist, then let there be no hostility except against wrong-doers. SHAKIR And fight with them until there is no persecution, and religion should be only for Allah, but if they desist, then there should be no hostility except against the oppressor (v. 93). While mercy killing is condemned, international jihad is just because it is for the cause of Allah and it is an acceptable means to supplant the unbelievers. Over the course of history, and more so now, jihad is politicized by Islamic co mmunities Islam government and in some small clear-cut communities who practiced Islamic faith claimed that jihad is just if for the cause of retaliation and Allah. YUSUFALI The verboten month for the prohibited month,- and so for all things prohibited,- there is the law of equality.If then any one transgresses the prohibition against you, Transgress ye likewise against him. But fear Allah, and know that Allah is with those who go along themselves. PICKTHAL The forbidden month for the forbidden month, and forbidden things in retaliation. And one who attacketh you, attack him in like manner as he attacked you. Observe your duty to Allah, and know that Allah is with those who ward off (evil).SHAKIR The Sacred month for the sacred month and all sacred things are (under the law of) retaliation whoever then acts crisply against you, inflict injury on him fit in to the injury he has inflicted on you and be careful (of your duty) to Allah and know that Allah is with those who guard (a gainst evil)(v. 194). international jihad then is a defensive weapon for the Moslem community. Looking at it this way, racial extermination is permissible given that the victims are Christians or Islam non-believers.What is most daunting is that such linguistic rule/concept destroys diplomatic international traffic between Moslems and Christians. Such moral regulation lay conflict to the recently instigated international law banning warfare later the World War II. While it is true that religious laws lay foundation to our basic moral principles and ethics, it must be remembered that our great obligation is to produce good for the greater mankind. An inspection on some Quran laws debunk the importance of reconsidering or rectifying the foundations of Moslem moral ethics based on several social and universal moral considerations.