Securing a Place of Power: Reinventing the Role of Women in Theatrical Representation :: Research Papers

Securing a Place of Power Reinventing the Role of Wo custody in Theatrical RepresentationIn The Feminist Spectator as Critic, Jill Dolan examines the occurrent hegemony of the white, heterosexual, middle-class male (121) as the subject of representation in theater. She examines why feminist attempts to expose this bias and use it to change the objectification of the roles of women have failed, when this has even been attempted, and furnishes her shot on how this failure can be prevented.In the dominant illusionist tradition of American theater, the individuality of the spectator is subsumed in the singular mass of the audience. The gift most often given to this mass audience is that of the white, heterosexual, middle-class male (121). Womens roles are objectified, and, in the process, the feminist spectator is alienated as her gender, race, class, and/or sexual orientation have no relation to what is presented onstage.Feminism is a critique of the prevailing male-dominated social norm that seeks to change this norm and therefore is the syllabus from which to change its domination in theater. Dolan enumerates three segments of American feminism liberal, cultural or radical, and materialist. She credits liberal feminism with the bolstering of female visibility and involvement in theater and acknowledges the women-affirming aspects of cultural feminism, but she finds them both flawed and unsuitable for an effective attack on the male domination of theater.Materialist feminism looks at women as a class, oppressed by material conditions and social relations. It considers gender as a social construct, in the service of the dominant cultures ideology and real as normative by the less powerful, which is oppressive to both men and women. It rejects the universality of the mythical Woman and instead views women as historical subjects whose position in the social structures of the dominant culture is influenced by race, class, and sexual orientation.Materialist femin ism sees as necessity the unmasking of the ideas of gender and power of the dominant culture and thus what most theater and performance represents. Materialist feminism does not aim to judge, but to examine the ways in which a performance delivers its ideological message, in order to fabricate strategies for combating the oppressive cultural assumptions inherent in this message. Its goal is to affect a larger cultural change in the ideological and material condition of women and men (18), and it sees the necessity of politically analyzing the current condition and its representational

It’s Time to Limit Restrict Hate Speech -- Argumentative Persuasive Ar

Its Time to Limit Restrict despise SpeechFree row communication is the backbone that holds democracy together. Without a free speech, ideas would not be challenged, governments would not be kept in check, and citizens would not be free. John Stuart Mill give tongue to once that, If all mankind minus one were of one opinion, and only one person were of the contrary opinion, mankind would be no more reassert in silencing that one person then he, if he had the power, would be justified in silencing mankind.( Roleff, 21). The right to free speech is essential to egalitarian democracy,(Tsesis) however, this right is not absolute and must be limited in certain situations. despise speech is one form of expression that should be limited in roughly situations. The key question to ask with regards to hate speech, is, does hate speech cross over into hate crime? (Hellwege) Hate crimes are often some of the most brutal forms of crime committed because they stem out of a deep-rooted enmity for the individuals involved (Tsesis). These types of crime have led the brutal dragging wipeout of an Afri goat American man in Texas and the pistol-whipping of a boy in Montana (Hellwege). Is this type of crime incited by hate speech though? Hate speech in its essence is pugnacious, that is, the basic message of hate speech is to elicit persecution, and bring upon dehumanizing effects(Leets, 38). Yes, this sort of speech does incite violence. Hate speech breeds a culture of hate groups against Jews, blacks, gays, women, Hispanics, and practically any other nationality, sex or race. How does hate speech then incite violence? Many inferences can be drawn form history, none more vivid and prevalent then the atrocities that occurred during World War Two. T... ...iance. Law & Society Review Amherst 2001 Vol. 35, Iss. 2 pg.345-394.Hellwege, Jean. Hate In the Crosshairs Lawyers, Legislators Battle Hate Crime. Trial Washington Jan 2001 Vol. 37, Iss. 1 pg. 14-18Leets, Laura. Should All Speech be Free?. The Quill, v. 89 no4 May (2001) pgs 38-39. Leo, John. Watch What You Say The odd Can No Longer Be Counted On To Defend Free Speech U.S. News & World Report Washington Mar 20, 2000Roleff, Tamara L. Civil Liberties fence Viewpoints. Greenhaven Press, San Diego CA, 1999Saccuzzo, Jason Paul. Bankrupting the First Amendment Using tort litigation to silence hate groups. California Western Law Review v.37 no.2 spring (2001).Tsesis, Alexander. Hate In Cyberspace regularization Hate Speech On the InternetThe San Diego Law Review San Diego Summer 2001 Vol. 38, Iss.3 pg. 817

Analysis of Columbia’s Final Mission Essay -- Case Study, Case Analys

Putting yourself in the shoes of the managers or engineers in the exercise (Ron Dittemore, Linda Ham, Don McCormack, Rodney Rocha, Pamela Madera, Calvin Schomburg), consider the following questions?What prior assumptions and beliefs shaped the way that you thought and behaved during the Columbia mission?What pressures affected your behavior? Where did these pressures originate?In what ways did the agri horticulture impact your actions?If you were in that persons shoes during the Columbia mission, would you have behaved differently? Why or why not?a)Rodney RochaRodney Rocha is a NASA engineer and co-chair of junk Assessment Team (DTS). When possibility of wing damage appeared he requested an additional imagery to obtain more information in order to guess the damage. This demonstrates that he actually tried to resolve the issue. However, due to absence of clear organizational responsibilities in NASA those images were never received. Since foam issue was there for years and encou nter for the flights was estimated as low management decided not to proceed with this request. After learning of management decision Rocha wrote an e-mail there he stated that foam damage could carry grave hazard and have to be addressed. At the same magazine this e-mail was not send to the management team. Organizational culture at NASA could be described as highly bureaucratic with operations under standard procedures only. Low-end employees like Rocha are afraid to bring any protective issues to the management due to delay of the mission. They can be punished for bringing bad news. This type of relationship makes it impossible for two-way communication among engineers and managers, which are crucial for decision-making in complex env... ... Integration, accepted risk of foam problem based on previous observations. She preferred one-way communication and did not pay attention to the specialist (Rocha) opinion for requests for additional imagery.Culture at NASA was converted ove r time to a culture that combines bureaucratic, cost efficiency and account efficiency of the flights. This culture of production reinforced the decisions to continue flights rather than delay while a thorough hazard analysis was conducted. Managers were so focused on reaching their schedule targets that the foam insulation problem did not induce them to shift their attention to safety. It appears that at NASA managers overrule engineers when the organization was under budget and time pressure. In my opinion, high-level managers should avoid making important decisions based on beliefs and instead rely on specialists opinion.

The Legacy of Russia and the Soviet Union - Authoritarian and Repressiv

The Legacy of Russia and the Soviet Union - Authoritarian and Repressive Traditions that Refuse to Die in that respect circulated such a Soviet political anecdote The ghost of Nicolas II visited Brezhnev to inquire about the conditions of his Mother Russia, only to be told that nothing had changed since his reign exclude for that the vodka was now 20 percent instead of 15. Shocked, the dead czar exclaimed I lost my head only for that 5 percent difference? This was, of course, only a humorous exaggeration, a case of political satire. Yet beneath the humor, there lies a very profound testament to the belief that Russias political culture has been contagious from its czarist days and manifested throughout its subsequent development. The traditions from the pre- variation and pre-1921 Russia, it seems, had left its brand on the 70-years of Communist rule. The Soviet communism system was at once a outside import from Germany and a Russian creation on the one hand it is international an d a world phenomenon on the other hand it is national and Russianit was Russian history which determined its limits and shaped its character. (Berdyaev, Origin) Historically, Russia has always been a country of perplexing dualities. The reality of Dual Russia, the separation of the official culture from that of the greens people, persisted after the Revolution of 1917 and the Civil War. The Czarist Russia was at once modernized and backward St. Petersburg and Moscow stood as the highly developed industrial centers of the country and both of the capitals of Europe, yet the overwhelming majority of the population were subsistent farms who lived on mir French was the official language and the elites were highly literate, yet 82% of the populati... ...oved to be singularly influential and daunting. This is, perhaps, the superlative obstacles to achieving true democracy in Russiathe authoritarian and repressive traditions that refuse to die out with the passage of time. Works CitedBe rdyaev, Nicolas. The Origin of Russian Communism. London Saunders, 1937. Cohen, Stephen. Rethinking the Soviet Experience. radical York Oxford University Press, 1986. Fitzpatrick, Sheila. The Russian Revolution. New York Oxford University Press, 1994. Hosking, Jeoffery. The First Socialist Society. Cambridge Harvard University Press, 1993. Tucker, Robert C. The Mortal Danger. Course Reader for World Culture Russia Since 1917. New York University, Spring 2001. Tucker, Robert C. Stalinism as Revolution from Above. Stalinism. Edited by Robert C. Tucker. New York American Council of Learned Societies, 1999.

Singapores education policies are largely influenced by the need to compete :: Economics

Singapores education policies are largely influenced by the need to compete in a global economy. Do you agree? explain your answer.a) Singapores education policies are largely influenced by the need to compete in a global economy. Do you agree? Explain your answer. 12mI agree to a large extent.Ever since Singapore gained independence in 1965, Singaporeseducation policies has played a crucial role in the economic progressand social changes of the country, and to a greater extent importantly, the raisingof Singapores standing on the global stage, in terms of both economicmight and international recognition.During the early years of independence, Singapores main priority wasto pull up s agrees away from entrepot trade into manufacturing andindustrialisation so as to improve the economy, and at the same timesolve the problem of unemployment. As a force of this move towardsindustrialisation, the Singapore government had to prepare studentsfor entry into the workforce by equipping t hem with the necessaryskills. As such, technical education was introduced for the first timein secondary schools in 1969, where all boys and 50% of the girls hadto take technical subjects such as woodwork and metalwork. Inaddition, technical schools and vocational institutes were set up to nominate training in areas such as electricity, electronics andmetalwork. Existing institutions such as Ngee Ann Technical Collegeand Singapore Polytechnic were expanded to include courses in similarfield of study. The government also encouraged the study of Englishas a first language, as they realised that the English Language heldthe key to better jobs and a better economy as it allowed access towestern knowledge and technology, which during that time was one ofthe most, if not the most, advanced in the world. From this, we cansee that even in the 1960s and 1970s, Singapores education policieswere already tailored to allow Singapore to be able to compete in aglobal economy, by expanding the manu facturing industry by dint of theequipping of the workforce with the necessary skills, and improvingcommunication with the rest of the world through the introduction ofEnglish as a first language, allowing Singapore to take advantage ofWestern technology and knowledge and hence put her in a betterposition on the global stage.The advent of the 21st carbon has brought a whole new set ofchallenges to Singapore, and Singaporeans thus have to learn to bemore resourceful and self-reliant in order to survive, live commodious andprosper in the more competitive global economy. In the past decade,the world has seen rapid growth of the Information Technology (IT)industry - this has resulted in general use of computers and the

Singapores education policies are largely influenced by the need to compete :: Economics

Singapores learning policies are largely influenced by the need to compete in a ball-shaped economy. Do you agree? explain your answer.a) Singapores education policies are largely influenced by the need to compete in a world(a) economy. Do you agree? Explain your answer. 12mI agree to a large extent.Ever since Singapore gained independence in 1965, Singaporeseducation policies has played a crucial role in the scotch progressand social changes of the country, and more importantly, the raisingof Singapores standing on the world(prenominal) stage, in terms of both economicmight and international recognition.During the early eld of independence, Singapores main priority wasto deviate away from entrepot trade into manufacturing andindustrialisation so as to improve the economy, and at the same timesolve the hassle of unemployment. As a result of this move towardsindustrialisation, the Singapore government had to prepare studentsfor entry into the workforce by equipping them wit h the necessaryskills. As such, technical education was introduced for the first timein secondary schools in 1969, where all boys and 50% of the girls hadto take technical subjects such as woodwork and metalwork. Inaddition, technical schools and vocational institutes were set up toprovide training in areas such as electricity, electronics andmetalwork. Existing institutions such as Ngee Ann Technical Collegeand Singapore Polytechnic were expanded to embroil courses in similarfields of study. The government also encouraged the study of Englishas a first language, as they realised that the English delivery heldthe key to better jobs and a better economy as it allowed access towestern knowledge and technology, which during that time was one ofthe most, if not the most, advanced in the world. From this, we targetsee that even in the 1960s and 1970s, Singapores education policieswere already tailored to allow Singapore to be able to compete in aglobal economy, by expanding the manufa cturing industry through theequipping of the workforce with the necessary skills, and improvingcommunication with the rest of the world through the introduction ofEnglish as a first language, allowing Singapore to take advantage ofWestern technology and knowledge and hence put her in a betterposition on the global stage.The advent of the 21st century has brought a whole new set ofchallenges to Singapore, and Singaporeans thus have to learn to bemore resourceful and self-reliant in order to survive, live long andprosper in the more competitive global economy. In the past decade,the world has seen rapid growth of the Information engineering science (IT)industry - this has resulted in widespread use of computers and the

Gap’s History and Mission Statement and Vision Essay

Doris and Don Fisher opened the first infract store in 1969. Today, Gap Inc. is a leading international specialty retailer with six brands Gap, Banana Republic, Old Navy, Piperlime, Athleta and INTERMIX about 3300 stores and 134,000 employees. The products include appargonl, accessories, and personal care products for men, women, children, and babies. The Company operates in two segments Stores, which includes the operations of the retail stores for Gap, Old Navy, and Banana Republic, and Direct, which includes the operations for its online brands, both domestic and international. Company-operated stores About 3,000 stores across the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, China, France, Ireland, Japan and Italy *Fun fact The first Gap store outside the United States opened in the UK in 1987 Franchise storesOver 250 stores in locations across Asia, Australia, Eastern Europe, Latin America, the Middle East and Africa.At its founding in 1969, and remains deep in Gaps DNA today are c ustomer focus, community involvement and integrity. Since today, there are more than 134,000 people some the world and company culture encourages each one to Wear your passion. Mission StatementGap, Inc. is a brand-builder. We create emotional connections with customers around the world through inspiring product design, unique store experiences, and compelling marketing.In addition to its mission statement, The Gap also has a purpose statement, which is intentional to guide the daily actions of its employees. Our purpose? Simply, to make it easier for you to express your personal style throughout your life. We have more than 150,000 passionate, talented people around the world who serve well bring this purpose to life for our customers.Vision Think customers first we consider the needs and value the diversity of thought, experience and perspectives among our customers. Inspire creativity we open ourselves to refreshful ideas, tapping into our diversity of perspectives. Do wha ts right we treat every customer, supplier and employee with respect. Deliver results we strive to create an inclusive environment where employees thrive and generate light up performance.

Gangs vs Cults

Gangs and Cults Gangs and rages at first glance may seem actually different, and in some ways they ar, but when you look closer their cultures are very similar. Cults promote a particular belief system, figureing members by tricking them or influencing them to believe what they are teaching or telling them. Gangs pretty much do the kindred thing. They create glorified myths about the halo that appeal to young recruits, and far too often these myths become the foundation for young aspirations.Gangs differ from cults by shiny things like money, sex, power, and materialistic things to their members. In the following essay I will show how the two groups have similar and different cultures when it comes to the use of symbols, behaviors, and oral communication. Symbols are a very important part of the gang culture. Signs and symbols are used to identify a certain gang or to intimidate and disrespect rival gangs. at that place are times when they are used to identify a group of gan gs, referred to as a nation.Gang members use tattoos, graffiti, and a particular color of clothe to show who they are attached with. Cults use symbols to identify different religious beliefs. Some examples of these signs or symbols are as follows the inverted pentagram is used in witchcraft and occult rituals to conjure up evil spirits, the hexagram is one of the most potent symbols used in the working of the powers of darkness, and the upside down cross symbolizes put-on and rejection of Christ.Symbols are used in very different ways in the two cultures. Gangs represent their set very proudly and openly displaying who they are affiliated with, while cults mostly display their symbols through jewelry. Slang is the unique language used by the street gangs and prison gangs in America. Gangs have created a language of their own. Some of the words and symbols have a universal use and meaning, while others have an ethnic, cultural, or regional meaning.A few terms used by gangs are a b uster-a fake or imitation, ace kool-best friend or backup, bangin-gang fighting or violence, baby gangster-very young (7-12 years) who are used to act as lookouts, confuse drugs, and guns. Cults use hypnotic language patterns and metaphors, either consciously or unconsciously. Every religion or cult has its own language. Most cults will speak their inwrought language to one another in private, or during ceremonies. It is usually considered rude to not speak common when there are people from another cult present.Cults tend to completely bear off from normal regular society, into a communal isolated lifestyle. That lifestyle can be a relative one, where people withdraw locally within their regular communities, or, actually withdraw as a group into a distant or remote area with others who follow their beliefs. The polygamists of southern Utah, who live in Colorado City, are an example of this behaviour. Gangs on the other hand are completely different when it comes to behaviour. T hey are typically referred to as a group of people who engage in criminal activity.Gangs exist in urban and even in rural areas as sound. There are well over a quarter million youths throughout the country who are involved in gang activity (Curry et al. 1992). In Los Angeles County their violent acts claim an sightly of one life a day (1989 McBride & Jackson). In the past three-and-a-half years, more than 23,000 people have been killed along the U. S. border in connection with gang violence. 21 dead in Mexican gang gun battle near U. S. border, The Associated Press, July 2, 2010. These two groups are similar in the way the form their groups, and recruit members.Yet they are very different in their actions. In spite of external pressures on gangs and cults to conform to conventional social norms, they choose to follow an alternative lifestyle and adopt untraditional values. While some members of the general public tolerate their existence, others express covert or even hostility towards them through threats or animal(prenominal) crimes.References Bissel, B. (n. d. ). Signs and symbols. Retrieved from http//www. exposingsatanism. org/signs2. htm Walker, R. (2010, November 09). Gangs or us. Retrieved from http//www. gangsorus. com/index. html

Intro to Legal Analysis Writing

The regulation on the next page deals with the denial of unemployment benefits in stark naked Mexico. It lists the reasons for which the Division of Unemployment Services can disqualify a person from receiving unemployment benefits. Read the statute, and then answer the questions which follow. QUESTIONS 1. Who enacted this statute? 2. Is this statutory mandatory or discretionary? compulsory What causal term in the statute helped you answer this question? Shall 3. According to this statute, what are the trine ways that a person can be denied unemployment benefits in New Mexico? . if it is determined by the division that the individual left employment voluntarily without good cause in connection with the employment 2. if it is determined by the division that the individual has been discharged for misconduct connected with the individuals employment 3. if it is determined by the division that the individual has failed without good cause either to accommodate for available, suffici ent work when so directed or referred by the division or to accept suitable work when offered.Must a person do all three things to be disqualified from receiving benefits, or is it enough that they only do one of the listed things? It is enough if the person does only one of the 3 reasons listed What term in the statute helped you answer this question? Shall 4. Are there any exceptions to this statute? Yes there are exceptions If so, which of the three ways of being denied unemployment compensation do the exceptions apply to? The exceptions apply the first reason of denial of benefits. 5. Provide the Bluebook citation for this statute. N. M. STAT. ANN. 51-1-7

Historical Development of Nursing Timeline

Historical Development of Nursing Timeline Olga NUR/513 Historical Development of Nursing Timeline Nursing is an art and a acquaintance. This coexistence assists in the development and advancement of care for to a higher level of professional perform. The art of care for emphasizes interpersonal relationships between the nurse and the patient, empathy, and dedication to sympathize with for a patient. The science is the foundation of treat that guides nurse care based upon the latest scientific discoveries within the nursing and other related disciplines such as medicine, psychology, and social sciences (Walker & Avant, 2011).In biblical times, female members of societies were responsible for caring for ill. There was neither organized care, nor science behind the methods of caring the addresses were passed among the women and were centered on their religious views on sickness and health. The people who provided care were untrained and a lot belonged to the lowest economic c lasses, such as slaves. The branch organized groups who performed nursing care were male nursing orders in 1300s, such as the Knights of St. John of capital of Israel (Anderson, 1981).During the 16th and 17th century, nursing jobs fell into dark ages becoming synonymous with alcoholism, prostitution, and the use of society (Anderson, 1981, p. 20). The first nursing school, the Deaconess School of Nursing at Kaiserwerth, Germany was open in 1836. Physicians instructed nursing students about bedside care and how to provide nursing care (Anderson, 1981). The development of nursing science is traced back to Florence Nightingale, whose initial study Notes of Nursing (1859) represents the first nursing theory (George, 2011). Nightingale supported her nursing experiences with statistical data.Nightingales analysis of the positive impact of a clean environment on diminish morbidity and mortality among the soldiers during the Crimean War became the model for changing the nursing practice from an art to a combination of art and science (Burns, Grove, 2007). Nightingale established nursing program at St. Thomas Hospital in London that correlate nursing theory and practice. This school became a model for nursing education. The medicine go on to provide nursing guidelines and influenced nursing practice. The nurses remained relegated to the status of obedience servant to the authoritarian doctors.The nurses were obligated to obey the physicians orders faithfully, never be guilty of reservation suggestions to the doctor, since she nurse is there to carry out his physician orders (Walker & Holmes, 2008, p. 111). The lack of preparation and education among the nurses was obvious. Universities began establishing nursing programs throughout the United States. The University of Texas (1894), the Columbia University (1899), the University of Minnesota (1908), and others opened schools of nursing (Anderson, 1981). In 1923, Teachers College at Columbia University offered the first educational nursing program at doctorial level.The first masters degree in nursing was established in 1929 at Yale University (Burns & Grove, 2007). During the 1940s, the nursing literature continued to emphasize the practical skills of the nursing. Most of the existing manuals viewed nursing as the hand and medicine as the head as its primary signifier (Walker, Holmes, 2008, 114). In 1950s, the first nursing theorists were graduates from the Columbia Universitys Teachers College educational programs. Their theories were based on practical nursing. The focus of these theories was the patients needs.Peplau (1952/1988) presented interpersonal relations in nursing theory (George, 2011). In 1959, Hall presented care, core, and cure theory, where caring and nurturing for a patient were interconnected with patients ability to make decisions of therapeutic ingestion of self (George, 2011, p. 183). umpteen of the nursing leaders in this era recognized that nursing science and theory development were needed to change the status of nursing from a career to a profession (Walker & Avant, 2011). The theories developed during the 1960s focused on the relationships between the nurse and the patient.The theorists from Yale School, such as Henderson and Orlando, proposed their theories. Henderson in 1960, defined nursing as assisting and help for the individuals, focusing on the individual plan of care (George, 2011, p. 89). Orlandos 1961 theory, The Dynamic Nurse-Patient Relationship Function, Process, and Principles described nursing as an interactive growth between the nurse and the individual patient within the immediate situation. Orlando shifted the focus of nursing from assisting the physician to assisting the patient, and promoted the independence of nursing (George, 2011). In 1965, the American NursingAssociation recommended two levels of nursing education, the baccalaureate and the associate, to distinguish the education for a professional nursing from that of the technical nursing profession. During the same time frame, the amount of nursing research was increasing. Nurses became involved in the development of frameworks for nursing practice guidelines (Burns & Grove, 2007). During the 1970s, many nursing theories were revised. Rogers, King, Orem, Neuman, and Watson symbolized this era of nursing theorists. Their theories provided the foundation for the nursing profession, integrating arts, science, and philosophy into nursing.They focused on kind-hearted carriage and emphasized the complexity of nursing. The theorists presented the individual as the whole system of the physiological, psychosocial, developmental, cultural, and spiritual elements (George, 2011 Burns & Grove, 2007). The development of the nursing during 1980s was characterized by increased nursing research. Many theories were revised and new theories were proposed. The theories of Erickson, Benner, Leininger, Orem, Roy, King, Watson, Levine, and others represent this era (Burns & Grove, 2007).The 1990s was characterized by an increasing number of middle range theories that provided guidelines for evidence-based nursing practice. During this time the nursing theories took an international approach with publications and conferences (George, 2011). Throughout the decades, the development of nursing science was influenced by other disciplines, such as religion, philosophy, psychology, anthropology, and social sciences. Religion blamed diseases as a punishment for sins. school of thought knowledge base of truth, mind, language, and values, widely affected nursing development.Conceptual models in nursing are the examples of the influence of philosophy on the nursing. For example, Rogers model explained the nature of the human beings (Burns & Grove, 2007). Watsons theory reflects philosophical beliefs of caring. Nursing ethics took its origins from the philosophy. Psychology as the study of mind and behavior was used by the nursing theorists. For exam ple, Roy and Roberts (1981) created the theory of modification model by deriving it from the psychophysics theory of Helson (1964) (Walker & Avant, 2011). Florence Nightingale ushered in a new era in nursing.Prior to her, there was no science behind the methods of caring. Nurses were associated with alcoholism, prostitution, and the waste of society. The mid-19th century saw the beginning of nursing schools. Florence Nightingale was credited with writing the first nursing theory, but since the 1950s nursing theories have proliferated. Nursing science and knowledge has flourished ushering in a new era in nursing, changing the status of nursing from a career to a profession. References Anderson, N. E. (1981). The Historical Development of American Nursing Education. Journal of Nursing Education, 20(1), 18 36.Burns, N. & Grove, S. K. (2007). Understanding nursing research Building an evidence-based practice (4th ed. ). St. Louis, Missouri Saunders. George, J. B. (2011). Nursing theor ies The base for professional nursing practice (6th ed. ). Boston, MA Pearson Education, Inc. Walker, K. & Holmes, C. A. (2008). The order of things Tracing a history of the present through a re-reading of the past in nursing education. Contemporary Nurse, 30, 106 118. Walker, L. O. & Avant, K. C. (2011). Strategies for theory construction in nursing (5th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey Pearson/Prentice Hall.

Biological oxygen demand (BOD) of water sample analysis Essay

Qualitative data Collected sample was very murky The first end point colour was of a yellow colour, perhaps not light enough Addition of starch indicator produced a grey-black solution perhaps did not add enough indicator, besides this did not pose as a problem There was one occasion where I suspected to have added too much sodium thiosulphate, stock-still the second trial indicated that I did not go past the end point too muchCalculationsTo calculate the dissolved oxygen content (mg/dm or ppm), we must first determine the weigh of mols of thiosulphate from the mean titrated volume of both samples. In this case, we will use sample A.The Winkler method indicates that the relationship between the amount of oxygen and thiosulphate is a four to one ratio. Therefore, we will divide the number of mols of thiosulphate by four to get the number of mols of oxygen.Then we convert this to milligrams per dm first by multiplying by 20 to arrive with the number of mols present in 1dm (because t he pond water sample used was 50cm). Then we multiply that number by 32 (molecular mass of oxygen) to attain the number of grams of oxygen. Then finally, the number is multiplied by 1000 to be converted into milligrams.The biological oxygen petition (BOD) would therefore be the difference between the DO of sample A and sample B.

Do Childrens Feet Grow with Age Essay

Newman (201135) states older kids have bigger feet. This experiment will explore through an investigating whether childrens garment sizes do get bigger as they get older. In order for this to be proven, information needs to be collencted, this will be through so by going into a local school and verbally asking pupils and their parents what shoe size they take. The main objective of this experiment if to find break if the hypothesis is correct or incorrect.AimThe aim of this experiment is to determine whether childrens shoe sizes get bigger as they get older. The hypothesis will be tested by completing an experiment, then by examining the results it will be seen whether the hypothesis was right or wrong. Hypothesis As children get older their shoe size increases Null Hypothesis As children get older their shoe size does not increase.MethodIt was decided to collect the data in defecate of a simple table. This was decided because only certain information was needed about an age a nd shoe size, therefore a questionnaire would not be suitable. Also, considering the investigation was mainly aimed at children, the table was the simplest way to collect the data. It was decided to ask the parents of the younger children what their shoe size was as it was assumed most younger children would not know their shoe size.Design and MaterialsThe type of study completed is one which gives an outcome of qualitative data. Furthermore, this can then be shown to be continuous data, where the data can fall anywhere over a certain range and the scale is only restricted by the accuracy of step, in this circumstance, measuring childrens shoe sizes (Mathematics Enhancement programme 2000).

Newton’s Third Law of Motion Essay

Introduction The understanding of the sensual recognitions and the law governing it is not fire without the understanding of the different physical laws provided by Isaac nitrogen, whose contribution to the field of science is very important and crucial in the development of the human understanding of the physical cores governing the expressive style of life. Newtons Third Law of Motion Newtons Third Law of Motion is a part of Newtons three different laws of operation which are interrelated with each other.In the wizard- triad law of motion, Newton posits that everything that exerts effort or force against nighthing is similarly the recipient of an equal amount of force being exerted by the object to which the initial force was being applied to. Newton has a Latin translation, as well as the lengthy version of the third law of motion, which can be very confusing and very difficult to understand.Browne simplified it a it b explaining the third law of motion in this contex t If body A pulls or pushes on body B, then body B as well as pulls or pushes on body A. The force on each body has the uniform magnitude, but the forces are oppositely directed (Browne, p. 58). Why Newtons Third Law is important to the ascent of science Newton is one of the highly respected and veneered scientists of all time because of his contribution to the society and to the field of science in particular.Because of his pioneering thoughts like the different laws of motion, other aspects involved in the physical sciences were allowed to flourish and many other scientists are more mentally equipped to semi more scientific queries which previously cannot be explored because of the absence of the understanding of man in the laws of motion and other important physical laws that Newton helped develop (National astronautics and blank space Administration, 2006).Newtons Third Law of Motion, which posits the idea of the presence of an equal yet opposite force directed to the exert ed force, provided an important groundwork for some important breakthroughs and discoveries involving the physical sciences the third law of motion of Newton was important in the formulation of the law about the conservation of momentum ideas like the actuation of rockets and how they exert effort against the void in space, the action-reaction from the recoiling effect a gun manifests when firing and pushing out the bullet towards a certain direction, the line of intellection in sports science and other aspects of training, rehabilitation and performance enhancement with the use of the idea of the exertion of force and the presence of the action-reaction forces (Gibilisco, p. 188).How the third Law relates to the First and molybdenum Laws The third law of Motion of Newton relates to the first and second laws through the conjure of being in motion or being at balance wheel depending on the current state of an object and how another intervening force or object affects both the st ate of the first object and the second object. apply two tennis balls to illustrate the three different laws of motion of Newton and how they are related to each other by each becoming a momentary experience before undergoing the next stage or a change in the state of motion or non-movement, it can be deduced that the third law of Newtons Law of Motion will have each of the two tennis balls when rolled towards each other using the same speed, moving and covering the same distance and meeting in the middle exerting the same amount of effort or force as that which is given by the opposite ball.The two balls current stage experiencing the third law of motion originated from another stage wherein the two balls are undergoing one of the two other laws of motion they may have been, prior to the collision resulting to the illustration of the third law of motion, manifesting the idea of the first law of motion, which states that both of the objects remain in their current state of motion o r stillness until / unless an intervening force prompted them to change the nature of their movement or stillness. The two tennis balls may have been both at rest until a hand or an object put them in motion, wherein with equal variables applied to each tennis ball resulting in the illustration of the third law of motion. The second law of motion is related to the third law because it discusses the use of force used to intervene upon objects at rest, prompting them to move and the force of the moving object is proportional to the force applied to it that prompted it to move (Browne, p. 60).Conclusion The laws of motion that Newton espoused was as much applauded by the scientific community during his time, and level way past his time, as it was criticized heavily by some of his contemporaries in the scientific circle, yet, despite what had transpired, the laws of motion of Newton remains to be one of the important pillars in the understanding of physical laws governing everything. Newton was a genius and his contribution to the society, like the ideas leading and originating from the laws of motion, is something that has indeed greatly affected the way human life was shaped over time.References Browne, Michael. (July, 1999). Schaums Outline of Physics for Engineering & Science. New York McGraw-Hill Companies. Gibilisco, Stan. (August 2002). Physics Demystified A Self-Teaching Guide. New York The McGraw-Hill Companies. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (March 16, 2006). Newtons Third Law Applied to Aerodynamics. Retrieved May 6, 2008, from http//www. grc. nasa. gov/WWW/K-12/airplane/newton3. html

Dulce et Decorum Est †Wilfred Owen’s Poem Essay

Dulce et decorousness Est Wilfred Owens renowned war metrical composition for its frowning on the glorification on war, and The stretch forth wickedness by Charlotte Gray, similarly depicting the effects of war on the unimp severally commensurate y starth, in prose form. Both be excellent representations of the devastation that war truly is and jackpot solo result in, and argon both pen in historical context, only Dulce et Decorum preceded the latter. Dulce directly juxtaposed a nonher war poet, Jessie pope, who romanticized the concept of it and truly manipulated the patriotic conscience. The irony here is that the even after the former exposit the trauma that war produced, and the out of the question manner in how people revered the act, the human being went on to WWII. Which al to the highest degree questions why did it happen, did not the expiry of the previous war play both guilt or effect on the countries leaders? everyplace the course of this essay, I aim to r eveal the physical and mental effects of war as intumesce as covering the idealism and the theme of slaughtering the innocents.In the beginning verse of Dulce, the author plays upon the image of a man walking. Contrastive to the propagandizing posters that were often seen at the time that rendered an erect, striding man holding a gun confidently- a translate of tired, old men is illustrated, which emphasizes the idea that they have aged far similarly quickly. Bent double, homogeneous old beggars and knock-kneed delineate a pigeon-toed figure suffering from everlasting(a) fatigue an inadequateness to be what is defined as a pass. In the simile, Coughing like hags, we cursed, we back tooth key the witch hoarseness of the cough the enigma here is the build-up this give in if they have been alone marching with battles, like Jessie Pope presumed. A sense of utter sensory deprivation is conveyed by means of, Men marched asleep limped on, lame, every run low(predicate) tir ed, drunk with fatigue, deaf even to the hoots.The immediate assumption here is that the men would, if given the choice, collapse in a heap of discomfort, subconscious, and fall asleep. The fact that they are compared to drunken men only accentuates their circumstance, a seeming disparity between when they started out as recruits and this moment in the poem. They conjured up a web of deception, and empathy from us, as well(p) as in The Last Night, when the children rest in deep sleep despite the outrage environment really showing their desperation for a moment of peace.The accumulation of all of this is that war has in the end taken its toll, the boylike men evolving or more appropriately, regressing into haggard and withered creatures that have faced sharp-worded nuisance and loss. However, the change in pace within the stanza is evident when faced by death, we experience an eagerness of fumbling, and this change in speed exposes their anxieties when in the full, fronta l face of death, or perhaps the unexplained torment of a flatulence attack, as they have seen their peers die in the hands of it forward. As they bungle stressing the urgency of the situation not everybody manages to clamber on a gas mask in time. The poem is told from a first-person perspective, although this is not made clear at first, however, this allows us to interpret it from a first-hand simulation.The inevitability of the gas floating towards them like a death sentence is horrific -one soldier inhales it, and the devastating effects described in detail. We watch helplessly at him floundring like a man in flak or lime, which links to burnings at the stake, arguably the worst torture in existence. We see his look writhe in his face, a clear connotation of a loon, mentioning he is in an insane, maniacal state. And beca rehearse his hanging face, like a devils sick of sin., only serves to show how much pain has been delivered. The men then fling him in a wagon which sh ows the dehumanization of the moment, and they watch him froth and mouthwash blood, twisting unnaturally. The incurable sores is exactly what it says, incurable. The physical effects are irrevocable, physically and mentally. Through use of emotional metaphors and similes, Owen molds an indubitably sickening portrayal of a suffering man, introducing the readers to the realities of war.Likewise, The Last Night also paints a picture of suffering, only if in a far subtler manner. Unlike the soldiers in Dulce, the fate of these innocent, Jewish children is unavoidable for everyone, olibanum having a certain sadness to it. They have been sentenced to the gas chambers as well, and we can deduce that they go out face like pain to the soldier in the previous paragraph, which, for a child, we all know is scare and never deserved. The pain we encounter in this extract is more that of basic deprivations, like food, water, and love besides. We can understand that the children are exhauste d because, despite the most likely uncomfortable surroundings, many of the children were too deeply asleep to be aroused. The children sleep in dung the soft bloom of cheek laid, uncaring, shows a child with a tinge of rose in his cheeks, the sweetness and the unfairness of this trial he mustiness endure.Again, they are reduced to an animalistic level, Jacobs limbs were intertwined with his his brothers for warmth. this imitates two novel, baby animals that lie in together, unknowing of the worlds cruelties or the predators that stalk them. The children are ravenous and denied of sufficient food and drink, as they cluster more or less a woman holding out sardine cans for water, and as we know, these cans are remarkably slim and absurd to drink water from, especially when the can is passed around of a crowd.They are each provided with a sandwich, this toil some(prenominal) rationing a punishment they do not deserve. The physical pain that is shown in this section of The Last Ni ght is purely tiredness and hunger, two qualities good parents ensure their children are not. Their frail bodies find it problematic to withstand this, but the dramatic irony here is that their fate in store is much worse and absolutely inhumane. A shower of scraps was throw towards them reiterates the animals they are being essentially treated as.As for the mental pain faced by the soldiers, it must surpass the physical by far. From the lies, to leaving their love ones, the pain and the distant memories are even more difficult to face. Homesickness, when really experienced, can be a very in try and sad feeling, and this does not really raise any morale. One can only imagine their befuddlement when arriving to the trenches and wondering where their accommodation was. As continued from the previous, their mental velocity increased enormously when in the face of adversity and death. This can only be expected, and is marked by the botch Gas Quick, boys. The mental anguish when the y see their peer suffer but are utterly of no use in this is astounding, and the scene runs almost as a nightmarish sequence, as signified by fatal through the misty panes, and thick green light. In all my dreams before my helpless sight..The dramatic verb spread over is used, and they watch their former companion die in the sea of gas, they having escaped the same fate by only a second or two. This fact is enough to leave them in a state of momentary snow, and in the future, a play back of this episode is probably revisited by every soldier who saw the sight and regretted having being unable to help him in any way the same shock was experienced when all the Jews realized their time had come along a quickening of muscle and nerve in The Last Night. Through each line, we must remember whom the poem was addressed to, and we can sense some underlying bitterness. The triplet guttering, choking, drowning throws itself out with a dynamic impact.It wouldnt be expected for the children to know of their demise, but as seen in the excerpt, they seem to sense something wrong. This is why In the filthy straw, they dug their heels in and screamed. or else of just struggling, they choose to scream, which reveals their internal uncertainties and distress. The metaphor dig means they are nerve-wracking to fix themselves in the straw, and how they distrust the officers. They are forced towards and crammed in a bus, which again, brings back the animal-like treatment motif. As the adults wrote their possibly last messages which had no to little guarantee of delivery, some wrote with sobbing passion and some with punctilious care. Both adjectives suggest a degree of great mental turmoil, the only difference being the latter having some restraint. notwithstanding there is a recognition of hopelessness in the atmosphere, the adults in the room sat slumped against the wall., the emotions going through them must have been complex, but ultimately, an increasing feel of nothing can be done, and giving up. This is not a movie where the resolution magically occurs, but this is a depiction of reality. As the officers call out their names alphabetically, in a standardized order, this shows how devoid of emotion or remorse they are, and how each child and each person is reduced to just another name. There is a nervous and tense atmosphere, it seems as if everybody is waiting for some justice to occur, but as we know, this does not happen. They are quickly thrown into the buses, the homely sound of a Parisian bus is someways mocking to the whole scene.Probably the most heart-rending image is when a mother sees her child for the last time her eyes were fixed with terrible madness intensely open to fix the picture of her child, for ever. To see your child for the last time, to know of the death, to be able to do nothing about it, as in Dulce, there is the same sense of no reliance or hope. The wails and screams of the women as they throw food towards the buses f rom the camp knowing the food will never reach, but desperately wanting to do something anyhow is the final time they will ever see their motherly figures, and the children are, precisely put, doomed.The fact that none of the officers act even merely touched by their fellow humans sadness is repulsive. Five municipal buses now stood trembling in the corner of the yard the buses are personified, which is a symbolic representation of their fear. The story concludes with the bus turning away, the headlights, for a moment, light up the caf opposite before the driver turned the wheel and headed for the station. This glimpse of something perfectly normal spotlights the unfairness of it all on the children who at one time, had that other life.The theme of glory and innocence is well covered in Dulce. In fact, the title is sufficient, To die for your country, is a sweet thing. The poem runs on to contradict it, ending with, The old lie Dulce Et Decorum Est, Pro Patria Mori. And we are forced to agree, having been witness to the preceding bloodshed. If you could hear, at every jolt, the blood come gargling from the froth- despoiled lungs thy friend, you could not tell with such high zest, to children ardent for some desperate glory, The Old Lie, this credit entry sums up all the contempt he has for any form of glorification of war, when really it is ones own sacrifice rather than an obligation.It has a tinge of instruction to it, almost as if he trying to convince her in an angry, forceful way, and if he said it verbally, it seems as if it would increase with volume. This is quite justified, as Jessie Pope idealized war as fun, and liked it to a game, and that anybody who chickened out was basically a coward. This induced such an outrage that Owen felt he needed to prove how nauseating the concept was. He addresses the soldiers as children, which somehow brings out their naivety and how easy it is to convince adults generally lie to children in order to mask th e truth. The young men were obviously targeted for recruiting and decided to join more out of fear of mockery rather than pure patriotism.The concept of innocence in The Last Night is brought up quite often, the youngness of the children is stressed upon. For example, Some children were too small to manage the step up and A baby hardly a(prenominal) weeks cot was crammed into the bus. If the children are too small to even step onto the bus themselves, and require support, and they really criminals or infested jews? They are too young to even know the reason for their death, and as soon as they came into this world, they were stolen just as quickly. They have no ability to reason, no ability to know of the dangers, no ability to believe in anything, yet simply because of their religion something they are most likely unaware of they have been sentenced to die and never experience any of lifes pleasures. If they havent learnt simple motor skills, how can they be expected to fight to a gas attack? The pure repulsive force of it can never be condensed it is like those horror stories materialized.Dulce and The Last Night are both classic pieces of history, genuine and likely more realistic records of those corrupt events that hopefully will not happen ever again. They are both timeless, and dark reminders of why war shouldnt happen, although pain is still inflicted, every second. These two pieces are a reminder that pain can never truly be prevented as that is how a few are wired to work and these few have the power to influnce many others.However, the main point the pieces try to bridge across is the innocence of the fighters who are more like pawns or victims and the superfluous glorification of war. Something that pains another should never be laughed or promoted in any form, as fundamentally, we are one species, we are the same, as Shylock in the merchandiser of Venice so eloquently expressed. The quotation Do unto others as others would do unto you, applies to both concepts the writers try to draw, but in the end, the sadness in both renditions of war is the dehumanization and of course, the gruesome massacres, but mostly, the indifference. The indifference of the bystanders as well as the leaders.

Crystal Edge Restaurant Essay

Type of Business watch crystal Edge eating house is a sole trader venture that is owned and operated by Miss Jheneal Hall. She is responsible for the everyday streamlet of this restaurant, any profits or losses or any problems that the line encounters she is held accountable. Crystal Edge eating place go forth provide exquisite fine dining services to both local residents and touring cars who visit the invade ara of New Kingston. Other individuals from other areas are similarly welcomed to dine over high look meals. The main objective here at Crystal Edge is to ensure that persons dine over hale foods, in a nice clean friendly environment with an essence to feel home onward from home.Our mission statement is To ensure that from each one guest receives prompt, professional, friendly and courteous service. To maintain a clean, at rest and well maintained premises for our guests and staff. To provide at a fair price nutritional, well-prepared meals using just now quali ty ingredients. To ensure that all guests and staff are treated with the respect and dignity they deserve. To thank each guest for the opportunity to serve them. By maintaining these objectives we shall be assured of a fair profit that will allow us to contribute to the community we serve.Justification of LoctaionCrystal Edge Restaurant is primed(p) in the commercial area of New Kingston at 4-6 New Kingston Shopping Centre. The restaurant is located here for several reasons * Because of the large number of individuals that come here to shop and work, so therefore it is price starting up a melodic line in this vicinity because we see where profits can be maximized. * Another reason for the selection of this location is that it is accessible and safe for customers. * The government provides tax relief for restaurants operating(a) in this areaSelection of Appropriate LabourThe type of labour needful at Crystal Edge Restaurant is unskilled labour. The restaurant will emergency a tot al of nine (9) employees. The physical exertion process will be done with aid of applications forms and resumes and the nine employees that will be selected will pass on different roles to play to make Crystal Edge Restaurant a success. The restaurant will need a head chef, an sponsor chef, three waitresses, two janitors and two cashiers. The head chef which is also the owner plans and prepares the meals with the assistant chef to help in the preparation of meals also.The three waitresses will work extremely hard on a effortless basis to ensure that the customers orders are taken and the food is delivered to them and also cleans the tables after other customers gain finished dining. The janitors are responsible for cleaning and sanitizing the kitchen and dining area to ensure a clean and hale environment and lastly two cashiers that cash the orders taken and give a printed receipt. This type of labour is necessary because it is an inexpensive way of accomplishing harvest-feas tion and service goals without raising consumer costs.Sources of Fixed and Working CapitalMy sources of fit(p) and workings capital are funding all my savings and a loan from the commercial bank. Some examples of fixed assets that will be bought are equipment, furnitures, dishes, glassware, silverware and cookware. working capital is defined as defenseless material, money and other items that are used up in the day to day running of the business or the goods that are constantly being used up in the business in it daily operation . Some examples of working capitals are the food inventory, supplies, and workers wages and salaries.Role of the entrepreneurThe entrepreneur is optimistic and future oriented I believe that success is possible and Im willing to risk my resources in the pursuit of profit. Im fast moving, willing to try more different strategies to achieve my goals of profits. And Im flexible, willing to change quickly when I get immature information. The entrepreneur is also needed to invest skills and management abilities to promote production. Three functions of the entrepreneur are* enterpriser initiates the business activityMeaning the entrepreneur has to start the business activity by preparing a graceful plan. The plan should deal with the type of goods and services to be produced, sources of raw material and credit, type of technology to be used, the markets where the products can be sold, etc. The plan should be detailed one covering all the aspects of the business* enterpriser is the decision makerThe most vital function an entrepreneur discharges refers to decision making in various fields of the business enterprise. He is the decision maker of all activities of the enterprise.* Managerial FunctionEntrepreneur performs a variety of managerial function like determination of business objectives, formulation of production plans, product analysis and market research, organisation of sales procuring machine and material, recruitment of men and undertaking, of business operations. The entrepreneur also undertakes the basic managerial functions of planning, organising, co-ordinating, staffing, directing, motivating and controlling in the enterprise.Type of ProductionCrystal Edge is knotted in primary production. Primary production can be described as extracting raw materials from the earth. We are involved in this type of production because we produce breakfast, lunch and dinner on a daily basis, so it is inour best interest to grow our natural foods such fruits, vegetables and some spices to also reduce expenditures on imports on help to stop global warming.Levels of ProductionCrystal Edge production will be for the domestic market. Meal will be prepared and served to local residents as well as tourist who visit the New Kingston area at reasonable and affordable prices.

World Wide Web and E-commerce Winter

groundwork to E-Commerce tax Models Objectives In this chapter, you will envision approximately Revenue sits How some companies move from one revenue modeling to a nonher to achieve advantage Revenue strategy issues that companies face when selling on the meshing An foot to E-Commerce wintertime 85, 2 1 Objectives (continued) Creating an effective work presence on the meshwork meshwork send usability Communicating effectively with customers on the Web An excogitation to E-Commerce winter 85, 3 Revenue Models Mail order or catalog model Proven to be successful for a wide variety of consumer items Web catalog revenue model Taking the catalog model to the WebAn mental hospital to E-Commerce spend 85, 4 2 Computers and Consumer Electronics Apple, Dell, Gateway, and Sun Microsystems wee-wee had huge success selling on the Web Dell created value by roleing its entire business around offering a high degree of configuration flexibility to its customers An display to E- Commerce pass 85, 5 Books, Music, and Videos Retailers use the Web catalog model to sell books, music, and videos Among the most visible examples of electronic commerce Jeff Bezos organise Amazon. com Jason and Matthew Olim Formed an on greenback music store they called CDnow Used the Web catalog revenue model An incoming to E-Commerce spend 85, 6 3 Luxury near(a)s People are still reluctant to buy luxury goods through a Web come in Web state of affairss of Vera Wang and Versace Constructed to translate info to shoppers, not to generate revenue Web localize of Evian Designed for a select, affluent group of customers An Introduction to E-Commerce overwinter 85, 7 Clothing Retailers Lands End Pioneered the subject of online Web shopping assistance with its Lands End Live feature in 1999 Personal shopper Intelligent factor program that learns customers preferences and makes suggestions Virtual model Graphic image built from customer measurements An Introduction to E-Commerc eWinter 85, 8 4 Flowers and Gifts 1-800-Flowers Created an online extension to its telephone order business Chocolatier Godiva Offers business gift plans on its site An Introduction to E-Commerce Winter 85, 9 Digital Content Revenue Models Firms that own intellectual property have embraced the Web as a new and highly efficient distribution mechanism Lexis. com Provides full-text search of judicatory cases, laws, patent databases, and tax regulations ProQuest Sells digital copies of published documents An Introduction to E-Commerce Winter 85, 10 5 Advertising-Supported Revenue Models Broadcasters provide free programming to an udience along with advertising messages Success of Web advertising is hampered by No consensus on how to measure and charge for site visitor views Stickiness of a Web site the ability to keep visitors and perpetrate repeat visitors Very few Web sites have sufficient visitors to interest large advertisers An Introduction to E-Commerce Winter 85, 11 Web Portal s Web directory A listing of hyper associate to Web pages Portal or Web approach lay apply as a launching point to enter the Web Almost ceaselessly includes a Web directory and search engine Examples Yahoo , AOL, AltaVista An Introduction to E-Commerce Winter 85, 12 6 Advertising-SubscriptionMixed Revenue Models Subscribers Pay a fee and accept some level of advertising Typically are subjected to such(prenominal) less advertising Used by The New York Times and The Wall Street Journal An Introduction to E-Commerce Winter 85, 13 Advertising-Subscription Mixed Revenue Models (continued) Business Week Offers some free content at its Business Week online site Requires visitors to buy a subscription to the Business Week print magazine An Introduction to E-Commerce Winter 85, 14 7 Fee-for-Transaction Revenue Models Businesses offer serve and charge a fee establish on the consequence or size of transactions processed DisintermediationRemoval of an intermediary from a value cooking stove Reintermediation Introduction of a new intermediary An Introduction to E-Commerce Winter 85, 15 Fee-for-Service Revenue Models Fee base on the value of a service provided Services range from games and entertainment to financial advice Online games Growing number of sites include premium games in their offerings Site visitors mustiness pay to play these premium games An Introduction to E-Commerce Winter 85, 16 8 Fee-for-Service Revenue Models (continued) Concerts and films As more households let broadband door to the Internet, companies are providing drift video of concerts and films to paying ubscribers Professional Services State laws are one of the main forces preventing U. S. professionals from extending their practices to the Web An Introduction to E-Commerce Winter 85, 17 Revenue Models in Transition Subscription to advertising-supported model Microsoft founded its Slate magazine Web site An upscale news and current events publication Charged an annual subscription f ee after a bound free introductory period Was ineffective to draw sufficient number of paid subscribers Now operated as an advertising-supported site An Introduction to E-Commerce Winter 85, 18 9 Advertising-Supported to AdvertisingSubscription Mixed Model Salon. om Operated for several years as an advertisingsupported site Now offers an optional subscription version of its site Subscription offering was motivated by the gilds inability to raise additional money from investors An Introduction to E-Commerce Winter 85, 19 Advertising-Supported to Feefor-Services Model Xdrive Technologies Opened its authoritative advertising-supported Web site in 1999 Offered free disk storage space online to users After two years, it was unable to pay the costs of providing the service with the advertising revenue generated Later switched to a subscription-supported model An Introduction to E-CommerceWinter 85, 20 10 Advertising-Supported to Subscription Model Northern Light Founded in August 1997 as a search engine with a twist Revenue model Combination of advertising-supported model plus a fee-based teaching access service January 2002 Converted to a new revenue model that was primarily subscription supported An Introduction to E-Commerce Winter 85, 21 Multiple Transitions Encyclop? dia Britannica Original offerings The Britannica Internet Guide Free Web navigation aid Encyclop? dia Britannica Online accessible for a subscription fee or as part of a CD package 1999 Converted to a free, advertiser-supported site 001 Returned to a mixed model An Introduction to E-Commerce Winter 85, 22 11 Revenue outline Issues Channel conflict Occurs whenever sales activities on a companys Web site interpose with existing sales outlets Also called cannibalization Channel cooperation Giving customers access to the companys products through a coordinated presence in all distribution channels An Introduction to E-Commerce Winter 85, 23 strategic Alliances and Channel Distribution Manageme nt Strategic alliance When two or more companies join forces to tackle an activity over a long period of time Account aggregation servicesIncrease the propensity of customers to unsay to the site Channel distribution managers Companies that take over the responsibility for a particular product line within a retail store An Introduction to E-Commerce Winter 85, 24 12 Creating an Effective Web Presence An ecesiss presence The public image it conveys to its stakeholders Stakeholders of a family Include its customers, suppliers, employees, stockholders, neighbors, and the command public An Introduction to E-Commerce Winter 85, 25 Achieving Web Presence Goals Objectives of the business Attracting visitors to the Web site fashioning the site interesting enough that visitors tay and explore Convincing visitors to follow the sites cerebrate to obtain information An Introduction to E-Commerce Winter 85, 26 13 Achieving Web Presence Goals (continued) Objectives of the business Creating an impression consonant with the organizations desired image Building a trusting relationship with visitors Reinforcing positive images that the visitor might already have about the organization Encouraging visitors to return to the site An Introduction to E-Commerce Winter 85, 27 Profit-Driven Organizations Toyota site A good example of an effective Web presence Provides links to tiny information about each vehicle modelA dealer locator page Information about the company and the financing services it offers An Introduction to E-Commerce Winter 85, 28 14 Toyota U. S. Home page An Introduction to E-Commerce Winter 85, 29 Profit-Driven Organizations (continued) Quaker Oats Web site does not offer a particularly strong reek of corporate presence Site is a straightforward presentation of links to information about the firm Redesigned site is essentially the same as the previous version An Introduction to E-Commerce Winter 85, 30 15 Quaker Oats Old Home varlet An Introduction to E-Co mmerce Winter 85, 31 Quaker Oats Home Page 1999 RedesignAn Introduction to E-Commerce Winter 85, 32 16 Not-for-Profit Organizations gravestone goal for the Web sites Information dissemination Key element on any successful electronic commerce Web site Combination of information dissemination and a two-way ghost channel An Introduction to E-Commerce Winter 85, 33 Web Site Usability Motivations of Web site visitors Learning about products or services that the company offers Buying products or services that the company offers Obtaining information about warranty, service, or repair policies for products they purchased Obtaining general information about the company or organizationAn Introduction to E-Commerce Winter 85, 34 17 Web Site Usability (continued) Motivations of Web site visitors Obtaining financial information for making an investment or credit granting decision Identifying the people who manage the company or organization Obtaining contact information for a person or depart ment in the organization An Introduction to E-Commerce Winter 85, 35 Making Web Sites Accessible One of the best ways to accommodate a broad range of visitor needs is to build flexibility into the Web sites interface Good site design lets visitors choose among information attributes Web sites can offer visitors multiple nformation formats by including links to files in those formats An Introduction to E-Commerce Winter 85, 36 18 Making Web Sites Accessible (continued) Goals that should be met when constructing Web sites Offer substantially accessible facts about the organization Allow visitors to experience the site in different ways and at different levels Sustain visitor attention and encourage return visits Offer easily accessible information An Introduction to E-Commerce Winter 85, 37 Trust and Loyalty A 5 portion increase in customer loyalty can yield profit increases between 25% and 80% Repetition of satisfactory service can build ustomer loyalty Customer service is a line for many electronic commerce sites An Introduction to E-Commerce Winter 85, 38 19 Usability Testing Companies that have make usability tests Conduct focus groups Watch how different customers navigate through a series of Web site test designs Cost of usability testing is low compared to the total cost of a Web site design or overhaul to E-Commerce An Introduction Winter 85, 39 Customer-Centric Web Site Design Putting the customer at the center of all site designs Guidelines Design the site around how visitors will navigate the links Allow visitors to access information quicklyAvoid using inflated marketing statements An Introduction to E-Commerce Winter 85, 40 20 Customer-Centric Web Site Design (continued) Guidelines Avoid using business jargon and terms that visitors might not understand Be consistent in use of design features and colors Make sure navigation controls are clearly labeled Test text visibility on smaller monitors Conduct usability tests An Introduction to E-Commerc e Winter 85, 41 Connecting With Customers Personal contact model Firms employees individually search for, qualify, and contact potential customers Prospecting Personal contact approach to identifying and reaching customersMass media approach Firms prepare advertising and promotional materials about the firm and its products An Introduction to E-Commerce Winter 85, 42 21 Connecting With Customers (continued) Addressable media Advertising efforts directed to a know addressee Also called mass media One-to-many communication model Communication flows from one advertiser to many potential buyers matched communication model Both buyer and seller participate in information exchange An Introduction to E-Commerce Winter 85, 43 Business Communication Modes An Introduction to E-Commerce Winter 85, 44 22 Summary Models used to generate revenue on the WebWeb catalog Digital content sales Advertising-supported Advertising-subscription mixed Fee-for-transaction and fee-for-service Companies under taking electronic commerce initiatives sometimes Form strategic alliances Contract with channel distribution managers An Introduction to E-Commerce Winter 85, 45 Summary (continued) Firms must understand how the Web differs from other media Enlisting the help of users when building test versions of the Web site is a good way to create a site that represents the organization well Firms must also understand the nature of communication on the Web An Introduction to E-Commerce Winter 85, 46 23

Apple’s Mission Statement

Company apple Inc. is an Ameri place multinational wad founded in 1976 with 361 retail stores worldwide as of January 2012. The period CEO of apple is Tim Cook and the current chairman is Arthur Levinson. Its headquarters is situated at 1 Infinite Loop Cuperti nary(prenominal) CA 95014 United States apples mission statement is apple designs Macs, the best personal computers in the world, along with OS X, iLife, iWork and professional software. apple leads the digital music revolution with its iPods and iTunes online store. apple has reinvented the mobile phone with its revolutionary iPhone and App Store, and is defining the future of mobile media and computation devices with iPad. (Apple Inc. Frequently Asked Questions, 2012) Products and Distri moreoverion Apples prime function is the design and marketing of crops such as consumer electronics, computers, and computer software, including * iPhone * iPad * Mac * iPod * iOS * Apple TV * iCloud * Mac OS X Apple also offers conglomerate third-party accessories, digital content and applications compatible with its own products.Apple sells these and its own products through various distribution channels including * retail stores * online stores * direct sales force * third-party cellular network carriers * totalsalers * retailers * value-added resellers Apples products and services are inter turn to a wide variety of customers including * consumers * small and mid-sized businesses * education * enterprise * government customers Customers and Market Expansion Apple has a loyal customer base, with regular customers accounting for a large percentage of sales.However, Apple is invariably looking to expand into raw(a) market areas through the reality of new products and marketing techniques. For instance, Apple is considering the creation of an Apple Bank, with a recent survey showing that 43% of the current Apple customers would switch from their current banks to Apple. Apple also tardily delved into the electronic book industry, over which it now faces a lawsuit for colluding with other(a) companies to raise the worth of electronic books. Shares 1,748 institutions currently hold Apple considers. Due to its recent success, reflected in its no. position in BrandZs 2011 rock of the 100 most valuable brands in the world, Apple has amassed US$98 billion, and has therefore decided to pay a quarterly divid destroy of US$2. 65 a share to investors starting from July 1, implying a 1. 8% dividend yield based on a current share price of around US$600. Apple is also planning to repurchase US$10 billion in shares over a three year period starting from September 30. The total cost of these intend operations amounts to roughly US$45 billion. Employees Apple has over 60,000 employees, and this number is increasing rapidly collectible to the keep companys amply employment rate.The research and development department is relatively small, with most staff employed in general and administ rative roles approximately 60% of Apples employees work in Apple Stores, compared to other companies in the same industry of similar size. roughly Apple employees have to a gravider extent than 5-10 years of work experience, but the level of education is not a crucial deciding cipher in employment the amount of graduates hired without masters or doctoral degrees is significant. Environmental Impact Apple has long been the subject of criticism over its environmental electric shock.In 2007, Steve Jobs penned an open letter promising to remove harmful materials from Apples products, and that promise has been fulfilled since then, with toxic substances beingness removed from Apples whole array of products. However, Apple is still criticised often over its impact on the environment. In a list released in April 2011 by Greenpeace, Apple was deemed the least green technology company payable to its high credit on coal power. Apple print a breakdown of its carbon footprint in 2011 , estimating that it was responsible for(p) for 23. 1 million metric tons of greenhouse gas emissions during the year.Chinese environmental groups have also published two reports detailing the pollution and health hazards present in Apples supply orbit in China. In these reports, Apple is criticised for ignoring the unhealthy conditions in its factories in China. In solution to these reports, Apples pledge to ensure safe working conditions for its suppliers was restated. Apple was again criticised when nearly(prenominal) of its manufacturers in China were criminate of releasing harmful pollutants. In response, Apple met with Chinese environmental groups, promising to assess its environmental impact and ensure its partners would follow environmental regulations.Apples own supplier responsibility report detailed that spoil was being improperly discharged from some of its suppliers and some facilities did not have adequate systems or records in place required to deal with hazard ous materials. Economic Conditions Apple has always had to cope with changing sparing conditions. However, Apples response to these conditions has varied. For instance, in the Global Financial Crisis, rumours spread that Apple would develop new, more(prenominal) affordable products across its Mac and iPhone families. However, when questioned over this, Steve Jobs replied There are some customers which we choose not to serve.We get dressedt know how to key a $500 computer thats not a component part of junk, and our DNA will not let us ship that. But we can continue to extradite greater and greater value to those customers that we choose to serve and theres a lot of them. And weve seen great success by focusing on certain segments of the market and not trying to be everything to everybody. Apple continued to develop its product lines in the same style and price range. In the fourth fiscal quarter of the 2011 financial year, economic conditions threatened iPhone sales, and in res ponse, Apple chose to reduce fellowships for handset parts and components.By the end of the quarter it had been revealed that it had been Apples biggest September quarter ever, but due to Apples plane greater success in the third quarter, the companys revenue had not lived up to the surround Street estimates. Competition Apple uses some(prenominal) strategies to stay ahead of the competition * It is constantly developing new products. * It is continuously upgrading its existing products. * It continues to sell successful products and keeps successful designs. * It tries to cover all price ranges when it can.For instance, since the release of the iPhone 4S, Apple decided to keep selling the iPhone 3GS in order to provide a more affordable iPhone for possible customers. Apple has also initiated several lawsuits against Samsung and vice versa, with patent breaches being disputed in at least 10 countries. Most notably, Apple claimed Samsung had copied its iPhone and iPad. Business Life Cycle notwithstanding being over 30 years old, Apple is still in the growth stage of the business livelihood cycle. This is due to several reasons * Growth is accelerating. Regular clients make up a large percentage of their customer base, but at the same time substantial effort is being put into tapping into new markets. * New products are being created and developed in order to fill market niches. * Mass marketing techniques are used to adjoin market share. * Profits are rising. * Production costs are decreasing. Company Harvey Norman Holdings Ltd is an Australian public company founded in1982 which operates primarily as a franchisor. Gerry Harvey is the current Chairman of the company, and his wife, Katie Page, is the CEO. Its headquarters is based in Homebush West, NSW, Australia.The company owns three leading brand names * Harvey Norman * Domayne * Joyce Mayne Harvey Norman also owns several other Australian retail chains such as Space Furniture and Ariston Appliances. Under these brand names, the company grants franchises to freelancer business operators. As of the 2011 Financial Year, there were 195 franchised outlets in Australia, and 96 company owned stores. Products and Distribution Harvey Normans franchisees sell a wide range of products in various categories including * electrical goods * furniture * computerised communication theory * bedding and manchester * small appliances * carpets and flooringThe company recently planned to conduct 5% of its trade online, but these plans proved too optimistic, and they were scaled back. Customers and Market Expansion As an icon in the Australian retail industry, consumers make up most of Harvey Normans customers. The company acquired retail chain Joyce Mayne in July 1998 and further grow when it launched its Domayne retail chain in May 1999. It acquired a controlling interest in Rebel fluctuation Limited in July 2001 but sold it in March 2007. Harvey Norman opened Harvey Norman get hold of Impor t in December 2011, an online store based in Ireland which sells video games to Australia free of GST.Shares Harvey Normans shares have recently experienced a drop of over 6% due to uncertain retail conditions and a drop in sales. Employees Harvey Norman currently has approximately 10,000 employees. The ratio of employees in general and administrative sectors to those in sales and marketing is less than in companies of similar size in the same industry. Most employees have over 5-10 years of work experience, and have bachelors degrees rather than masters or doctoral degrees. Environmental Impact In 2011, Harvey Norman was the subject of criticism over the destruction of Australian inwrought forests for use in the furniture industry.A group called Markets for Change launched a campaign against Harvey Norman afterwards they claimed to have conducted a year-long investigation into the companys timber usage. To this, Gerry Harvey responded on ABC Radio Im an conservationist Im doing my best to use recycled timber or timber from plantations but every now and then timber from native forests will slip through. Often its timber the government has told sawmills they can take. We are trying really hard to change and also to keep an industry going in Australia its difficult for the sawmills to survive, and without us they just wouldnt. Economic Conditions It was recently revealed that Harvey Normans first half yearly profits were down 2. 1%. The company released a statement explaining the situation The combination of intense competitive pressures and price deflation in certain key product categories, accentuated by the high Australian dollar, deteriorating economic confidence and a prudent consumer, has seen many retailers struggle to note margins in the fight for market share. Competition Harvey Norman has several competitors in the market and therefore utilises several strategies in order to compete effectively.Actions taken by the company in response to competi tion complicate * The purchase of the Clive Peeters and Rick Hart brands, which resulted in a loss of AUD$41 million, whose stores will now either convert to Harvey Norman or Joyce Mayne brands or close. * The launching of Harvey Norman Direct Import in response to JB Hi-Fis addition of a direct importation section to its website. Some predict that Harvey Norman is the only Australian listed company that would be interested in purchasing Dick Smith Electronics from Woolworths and that if Harvey Norman was to pay AUD$150 million for the business, it could boost earnings by 7%.Business Life Cycle Harvey Norman is in the post-maturity stage of the business life cycle. This is due to several reasons * Recently, it has been experiencing a small period of decline, but over the long term it has been in a state of renewal. * New strategies taken involve some degree of risk. * New markets are being exploited, with ventures into overseas markets. * Anticipated sales are not always eventuati ng. Comparing the two businesses * Apple is a larger business than Harvey Norman, being a multinational corporation. * Apple operates in many more countries and has significantly more employees. Apple has had great recent success whereas Harvey Normans profits have dropped. * Apple has expanded into many more areas in recent multiplication than Harvey Norman. * Apples share price is also much higher compared to Harvey Normans, reflecting Apples recent profits. * Both businesses have been the subject of criticism over their environmental impact, but Apple has authorized more due to its operations in more areas and countries. * Both businesses employ various strategies in order to stay ahead of competition, but Apple has had greater success, with Harvey Norman experiencing losses due to unsuccessful strategies. Despite the fact that Apple was founded before Harvey Norman, Apple is still in the growth stage of the business life cycle due primarily to the fact that its sales and profit s are rapidly increasing, with demand for its products high and customer base growing. Apple would be more resilient to influences in the business environment due to the fact that it is a larger business, with more resources and a massive amount of money currently with which it can respond to changing conditions.

Reliance Fresh

A STUDY ON THE PROCESSES AND CHALLENGES concern IN enlisting FOR RETAIL INDUSTRY WITH RESPECT TO RELIANCE FRESH, BANGALORE (Project Report Submitted in Partial terminus of the requirements of ii year Post Graduate diploma in seam Administration) By Saumya Sinha (Registration no. 2K11058) low the Guidance of Prof. Philcy Philip batch Carmel Institute Of Management Bangalore, 560052 2011-2013 ACK nary(prenominal)LEDGEMENTS I would want to express my sincere thank to senior Juanita, Director and Mr.Michael noneonha, Dean of Management studies, Mount Carmel Institute of Management, for giving me an opportunity to do this purpose. I am immensely thankful to my project guide Prof. Philcy Philip, for her guidance towards the successful completion of the project. I would like to thanks Mr. Jatindra Kumar Mishra, Vice President-HR corporate trust sell Ltd. for giving me an opportunity to do a project in trustingness sell Ltd. Bangalore. I would overly extend my sincere thanks to Mr. Prabir Ku. Jena (HR Manager) and Mr Nagendra Kumar (HR Manager) of RELIANCE RETAIL for their valu competent suggestions and choke off with come on the project.I would in any case extend my gratitude to Mr. Solomon Jayakumar, who has dished me in this project. I wish to thank the Management and staff of assurance who have extended their co-operation in providing me in all the information required for preparing this project. Finally, I am thankful to my Family and Friends for having helped me in variant ways in successful completion of this project die. Saumya Sinha Mount Carmel Institute of Management BangaloreGuide enfranchisement Certified that the dissertation is establish on an Original Project Study conducted by Miss. Saumya Sinha downstairs my guidance. This project report has not formed a basis for the award of all other Degree/ parchment of the Institute or any other University. Director Signature Guide Signature (Sr. Juanita) (Prof. Philcy Philip) Declaration I, Saumya Sinha solemnly claim that this Project report on A Study on the off imbedes and argufys involved in enlisting for sell indus strain with respect to assurance Fresh, Bangalore has been compiled by me and has not been copied from any student researcher/employee in any university/institution/ ecesis or any other site of distance learning under my k straight offledge. I have duly ac bangledged the ancestrys of primary data w here(predicate)ver they have been social occasiond in the project. Saumya Sinha PGDBA Mount Carmel Institute Of Management, Bangalore CONTENTS SR. none Topics covered Page no. Chapter 1 Introduction & metaphysical moxieground of the Topic 11-20 Chapter 2 look Design 21-24 Chapter 3 connection write 25-33 Chapter 4 charm of Data, summary and Evaluation 34-74 Chapter 5 Summary of Findings, Conclusions and Suggestions 75-82 Bibliography 83 Annexure 84-87 LIST OF display boardS TABLE no TOPICS COVERED rapscallion no 1. Method adop ted by confidence to consultation prospects 35 2. Type of enlisting preferable in trust 37 3. trial runs used during the run of enlisting 39 4. Factors which influence the recruitment summons in conviction 41 5. Technological support for the wait on of recruitment 43 6. darn interpreted by HR managers to forgather the go at p arntage level 45 7. Back by percentage of views after being offered 47 8. Biggest challenge set ab surface by the organic law in the routine of recruitment 49 9. close(prenominal) master(prenominal) reason for friction 51 10. Solution for attrition in the constitution 53 11. raceal(a) duration of CSAs in the system of rules 55 12. Information more than(prenominal) or slight the va batchcy in the presidential term 57 13. Time spent by CSAs for the process of recruitment 59 14. Problems confront by CSAs during the process of recruitment 61 15. Satis concomitantion level of CSAs with the recruitment forge 63 16. de fecateing duration of Ex-CSAs in the shaping 65 17. chief(prenominal) reason behind loss the organization 67 18. Aw arness of excogitate profile at the prison term of spliffing 69 19. Work environment is cheeseparing or not 71 20. Willingness to join the organization 73 LIST OF mapS SR. zero(prenominal) TOPICS COVERED PAGE NO. 1. Method adopted by cartel to source chances 36 2. Type of recruitment preferred in credit 38 3 Tests used during the process of recruitment 40 . Factors which influence the recruitment process in Reliance 42 5. Technological support for the process of recruitment 44 6. Time fritter awayn by HR managers to woof the gap at fund level 46 7. Back out percentage of dejectiondidates after being offered 48 8. Biggest challenge face by the organization in the process of recruitment 50 9. Most important reason for attrition 52 10. Solution for attrition in the organization 54 11. piece of seduceings duration of CSAs in the organiza tion 56 12. Information about the va ejectcy in the organization 58 13. Time spent by CSAs for the process of recruitment 60 14. Problems faced by CSAs during the process of recruitment 62 15. Satisfaction level of CSAs with the recruitment mental process 64 16. work duration of Ex-CSAs in the organization 66 17. Main reason behind leaving the organization 68 18. Aw beness of transmission line profile at the conviction of joining 70 19. Work environment is good or not 72 20. Willingness to rejoin the organization 74 CHAPTER 1 creation INTRODUCTION Human Resource management is a function that helps managers recruit, select, train and develop members for an organization. enlisting is an important part of an organizations benignant p filename extension planning and their competitive strength. Competent benevolent elections at the proper surveys in the organization be a vital imagery and hindquarters be a core ability or a strategic advantage for it. The objecti ve of therecruitmentprocess is to obtain the numerate and flavor of employees that eject be selected in methodicalness to help the organization to achieve its goals and objectives. With the same objective, recruitmenthelps to make believe a pool of prospective employees for the organization so that the management washbowl select the right potentiometerdidate for the right job from this pool.enlistingacts as a link between the employers and the job seekers and ensures the placement of right roll in the haydidate at the right place at the right time. In this competitive ball-shaped world and change magnitude flexibility in the labour securities manufacture,recruitmentis sui slacken more and more important in either(prenominal) condescension. Therefore,recruitmentserves as the first step in ful executeing the needs of organizations for a competitive, motivated and flexible human choice that can help achieve its objectives. PURPOSE AND IMPORTANCE OF RECRUITMENT * Attrac t and encourage more and more candidates to restrain in the organisation. Create a giving pool of candidates to enable the excerption of surmount candidates for the organisation. * Determine surrender and future requirements of the organization in conjunction with its personnel planning and job digest activities. * recruitment is the process which links the employers with the employees. * Increase the pool of job candidates at minimum cost * suspensor increase the success rate of weft process by decreasing number of visibly under equal or overqualified job applicants. * Help reduce the probability that job applicants once recruited and selected will make the organization unless after a short period of time. examine the organizations legal and social obligations regarding the root word of its workforce. * Increase the pool of job candidates at minimum cost. * Begin identifying and preparing potential job applicants who will be appropriate candidates. * Increase organiza tional and individual effectiveness in short term and long term. * Meet the organizations legal and social obligations regarding the compositions of its workforce. SOURCES OF RECRUITMENT Every organisation has the option of choosing the candidates for its recruitment processes from two kinds of sources internal and outside sources.The sources within the organisation itself (like transfer of employees from angiotensin converting enzyme department to other, promotions) to fill a position are cognize as the internal sources of recruitment. Recruitment candidates from all the other sources (like outsourcing agencies etc. ) are known as the foreign sources of recruitment. SOURCES OF RECRUITMENT INTERNAL SOURCES OF RECRUITMENT1. TRANSFERS The employees are transferred from iodine department to another correspond to their efficiency and experience. 2. PROMOTIONSThe employees are promoted from one department to another with more benefits and greater responsibility establish on eff iciency and experience. 3. Others areupgrading and demotionof present employees according to their process. 4. Retired and Retrenched employees may as well be recruited once again in case of shortage of qualified personnel or increase in load of work. Recruitment such people save time and cost of the organisations as the people are already awake of the organisational culture and the policies and procedures. 5.The dependents and relatives ofdeceased employees and disabled employees are also through with(p) by many companies so that the members of the family do not grow dependent on the mercy of others. EXTERNAL SOURCES OF RECRUITMENT1. PRESS ADVERTISEMENTS Advertisements of the emptiness in latespapers and journals are a widely used source of recruitment. The main advantage of this method is that it has a wide reach. 2. EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTES Various management institutes, engineering colleges, health check Colleges etc. are a good source of recruiting well qualified exe kinkives, engineers, medical staff etc.They yield facilities for campus audiences and placements. This source is known as Campus Recruitment. 3. PLACEMENT AGENCIES Several private consultancy tights perform recruitment functions on behalf of node companies by charging a fee. These agencies are particularly suitable for recruitment of executives and specialists. It is also known as RPO (Recruitment Process Outsourcing) 4. EMPLOYMENT EXCHANGES Government establishes public employment exchanges throughout the country. These exchanges provide job information to job seekers and help employers in identifying suitable candidates.Recruitment ProcessThe recruitment and selection is the study function of the human resource department and recruitment process is the first step towards creating the competitive strength and the strategic advantage for the organisations. Recruitment process involves a systematic procedure from sourcing the candidates to arranging and conducting the interviews and requires many resources and time. A general recruitment process is as follows 1. call vacancy 2. Prepare job description and person specification 3. Advertising the vacancy 4. Managing the response 5. Short-listing 6. specify interviews 7.Conducting interview and closing devisingThe recruitment process is immediately followed by the selection process i. e. the last interviews and the decision making, conveying the decision and the appointment formalities. RECRUITMENT POLICY OF A COMPANYIn todays rapidly changing business environment, a well defined recruitment policy is necessary for organizations to respond to its human resource requirements in time. Therefore, it is important to have a clear and concise recruitment policy in place, which can be executed effectively to recruit the best talent pool for the selection of the right candidate at the right place right away.COMPONENTS OF THE RECRUITMENT POLICY * The general recruitment policies and equipment casualty of the organization * Recruitment services of consultants * Recruitment of temporary employees * Unique recruitment situations * The selection process * The job descriptionsFACTORS AFFECTING RECRUITMENT POLICY * Organizational objectives * Personnel policies of the organization and its competitors. * Government policies on reservations. * favourite(a) sources of recruitment. * Need of the organization. * Recruitment costs and financial implications. RECENT TRENDS IN RECRUITMENT The following trends are being seen in recruitmentOUTSOURCING In India, the HR processes are being outsourced from more than a decade now. A society may pee-pee required personnel from outsourcing firms. The outsourcing firms help the organization by the initial screening of the candidates according to the needs of the organization andcreating a suitable pool of talent for the final selection by the organisation. Outsourcing firms develop their human resource pool by employing people for them and make available personnel to various companies as per their needs.In turn, the outsourcing firms or the intermediaries scoot the organisations for their services. Advantages of outsourcing are * Company need not plan for human resources overmuch in advance. * Value creation, usable flexibility and competitive advantage * turning the managements focus to strategic level processes of HRM * Company is free from net income negotiations, weeding the unsuitable resumes/candidates. * Company can save a lot of its resources and timePOACHING/RAIDINGBuying talent (rather than maturation it) is the latest mantra being followed by the organisations today.Poaching means employing a competent and experienced person already workings with another reputed company in the same or different industry the organisation might be a competitor in the industry. A company canattract talent from another firm by offer attractive behave packages and other terms and conditions, better than the current employer of the can didate. But it is seen as an unethical practice and not openly talked about. Indian software and the retail sector are the sectors set about the virtually severe brunt of poaching today.It has become a challenge for human resource managers to face and admit poaching, as it weakens the competitive strength of the firm. E-RECRUITMENT Many big organizations use Internet as a source of recruitment. E- Recruitment is the use of technology to assist the recruitment process. They advertise job vacancies through worldwide web. The job seekers send their applications or curriculum vitae i. e. CV through e mail using the Internet. Alternatively job seekers place their CVs in worldwide web, which can be drawn by prospective employees depending upon their requirements.Advantages of recruitment are * Low cost. * No intermediaries * Reduction in time for recruitment. * Recruitment of right epithet of people. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN RECRUITMENT AND SELECTIONBoth recruitment and selection are the t wo phases of the employment process. The differences between the two are * Recruitment is the process of searching the candidates for employment and stimulating them to expend for jobs in the organisation WHEREAS selection involves the series of steps by which the candidates are screened for choosing the most suitable persons for slothful posts. The basic purpose of recruitments is to induce a talent pool of candidates to enable the selection of best candidates for the organisation, by attracting more and more employees to apply in the organisation WHEREAS the basic purpose of selection process is to choose the right candidate to fill the various positions in the organisation. * Recruitment is a positive process i. e. encouraging more and more employees to apply WHEREAS selection is a negative process as it involves rejection of the unsuitable candidates. Recruitment is concerned with tapping the sources of human resources WHEREAS selection is concerned with selecting the most su itable candidate through various interviews and tests. HR CHALLENGES IN RECRUITMENTRecruitment is a function that requires business perspective, expertise, ability to find and match the best potential candidate for the organisation, diplomacy, marketing skills (as to sell the position to the candidate) and wisdom to align the recruitment processes for the benefit of the organisation. The HR professionals handling the recruitment function of the organisation- are always facing new challenges.The biggest challenge for such professionals is to source or recruit the best people or potential candidate for the organisation. In the last few eld, the job market has undergone some fundamental changes in terms of technologies, sources of recruitment, competition in the market etc. In an already saturated job market, where the practices. like poaching and raiding are gaining momentum, HR professionals are constantly facing new challenges in one of their most important function- recruitme nt. They have to face and conquer various challenges to find the best candidates for their organisations. ATTRITIONWhat is Meant by corrasion Rate? The term attrition rate can be defined as A reduction in the number of employees through retirement, resignation or death. It denotes the percentage change in the labour force of an organization. senior high percentage of labour turnover is not desirable for the organization because new workers are engaged in place of the workers who left(a) the organization. Why do Employees Leave the Organization? There are a number of reasons for employees leaving the organization. Well, the most obvious reason for employees leaving any organization is higher pay.The main task here is that employees are moved from one location to another location on with their family. But this caper is countern care of by a salary hike which may be around 20%-35% per annum. Another factor is work timings. In some organizations, work timings are such that they are making employees leave the organization. Another factor is career developing. In many organizations, only 20% of employees are able to go to senior levels. This means that the remaining 80% of employees look for other organization where they can digest opportunities for growth.One more reason for leaving the organization is higher education. These days, in many organizations, employees are joining at very young age because of lucrative salaries being offered. But with time, they apply for higher education and try to move on to other organizations or sectors to occupy top management positions. The percentage of women workers is also trusty for higher attrition rate. These days, the percentage of women workers is around 30%. Generally, women workers leave the organization after marriage to take up their house-hold duties, irregular work hours et al. 0% of employee turnover can also be attributed to the mistakes during hiring process (Harvard Business Review). Other factors inc lude accident making the worker permanently incapable of doing work, dislike for the job or place, unsatisfactory work conditions direct to strained work relationships with the employer lack of security of employment et al also contribute for higher attrition rateAttrition rate is calculated as under A. Manpower at the line of the year add number of people recruited during the year less number of employees resigned. B.Take the average of the manpower at the beginning of the year and the result of A in a higher place. C. Divide the number of employees resigned during the year by B in a higher place. In appendix to the in a higher place you may go through the exit interview forms of the employees resigned and use information from the research. You may also contact a sample (10%) of the people who resigned 6 months or earlier, send them exit interview form again and see if the reason for change is the same as stated earlier. Further, you may design the exit interview form as qu estionnaire and send to the sample.CHAPTER 2DESIGN OF THE STUDYINTRODUCTION TO THE SUBJECTRecruitment is of the crucial roles of the human resource professional. The level of performance of an organization depends on the effectiveness of its recruitment function. Organization has developed & follows recruitment strategies to hire the best talent for their organization and to utilize their resources optimally. A successful recruitment strategy should be well planned & practical to attract more & good talent to apply in the organizationRecruitment refers to the process of attracting, screening, and selecting qualified people for a job at an organization or firm.For some components of the recruitment process, mid- and large- size organizations often retain professional recruiters or outsource some of the process to recruitment agencies. The recruitment and selection is the major function of the human resource department and recruitment process is the first step towards creating the c ompetitive strength and the strategic advantage for the organisations. Recruitment process involves a systematic procedure from sourcing the candidates to arranging and conducting the interviews and requires many resources and time.In this competitive global world and change magnitude flexibility in the labour market,recruitmentis becoming more and more important in every business. Therefore,recruitmentserves as the first step in fulfilling the needs of organizations for a competitive, motivated and flexible human resource that can help achieve its objectives. Technically speaking, the functions of recruitment precedes the selection function and it includes only develop the sources of prospective employees and attracting them to apply for jobs in their organization. whereas selection is the process of finding out the most suitable candidates to the jobs out of the candidates attracted. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMThe company is facing a comparatively high rate of ATTRITION peculiarly in its Reliance fresh interposes, so a continuous recruitment of the eligible candidate is done to meet the standards. Moreover with the growth of the economy the company is also growing as many stores are being opened all over India so recruitment of right person with right skills for the right job has become very important.SCOPE OF THE STUDYThe scope of the study was extended to all the stores of Bangalore in Karnataka, India through calls and e-mails for the recruitment of customer service associates (CSAs) of opinion retail. The main study was extended to the RELIANCE FRESH instalment at Richmond road, Bangalore. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY * To study the recruitment process involved in the organization. * To study the employees scholarship towards the recruitment process * To lose it the challenges faced by the organization in recruitment * To study the major reasons for high attrition rate in Reliance Fresh, Bangalore. a * To give suggestions for progress of recruitment proc ess in Reliance Fresh, Bangalore METHODOLOGY The data was collected from the primary & secondary sources. Tools and techniques for ingathering of dataPrimary data collecting Primary data was collected from HR managers , Customer Service Associates(CSAs) who are currently working at various stores of reliance fresh in Bangalore and Ex-CSAs through questionnaire and telephonic interview. Secondary data collectionSecondary data was collected through HRM books, journalsand internet. This data was graphically represented and analysed.The findings are summarized and suggestions have been do. sample distribution PLANConvenience sampling was used. Sample size for this project was ampere-second which included 40 Customer Service Associates, 40 Ex-CSAs and 20 HR managers of Reliance. PLAN OF ANALYSISSimple ploughshares have been calculated on the basis of response original from questionnaire to analyse the data. LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY * The sample size may be comparatively small com pared to the population and in that respect are chances that it may not represent the whole population. * The time and cost factors may affect the size of the sample. Every possibility of biased user opinion * Most of the samples was collected during the office time. So in that respect will be a chance of receiving some wrong responses due to workload from the respondentsOVERVIEW OF CHAPTER SCHEMEChapter 1 IntroductionThis chapter includes an access to HRM, recruitment process and challenges. Chapter 2 Design of the studyThis Chapter includes a brief introduction of the subject background, statement of the problem, methodology, sampling plan, tools and techniques for collection of data, plan of analysis, limitations and an overview of chapter scheme.Chapter 3 Profile of the companyThis chapter contains a assoil profile of the organization in terms of history, the nature of its business, products or services, its competitors, turnover, number of branches, staff pattern, vision , mission and nourishs of Reliance retail with reference to research topic. Chapter 4 Analysis & interpretation of dataThe chapter contains an analysis of the primary data in nisus with the objectives of the study. Each question is followed by explanations and inferences.The analysis is also supported by tables and graphs. Chapter 5 Summary Of Findings, Conclusions & suggestionsThis chapter provides a summary of the findings, conclusion drawn from the findings & also suggestions. It would also contain the Bibliography & AnnexureCHAPTER 3PROFILE OF THE COMPANYThe India retail industry is the largest among all the industries, intelligence service report for over 10 per cent of the countrys GDP and around 8 per cent of the employment.The sell Industry in India has come forth as one of the most dynamic and fast paced industries with some(prenominal) players entering the market. But all of them have not yet tasted success because of the heavy initial investments that are required t o break even with other companies and compete with them. The India Retail Industry is gradually inching its way towards becoming the next boom industry. The total concept and idea of shopping has undergone an attention drawing change in terms of format and consumer buying behaviour, ushering in a revolution in shopping in India.Modern sell has ente4red into the Retail market in India as is observed in the form of bustling shopping centres, multi-storied malls and the coarse complexes that offer shopping, entertainment and food all under one roof. Retailing includes all activities involved in selling goods or services directly to final consumers for personal, non-business use. A retailer or retail store is any business enterprise whose sales volume comes primarily from retailing. each organization selling to final consumers-whether a manufacturer, wholesaler or retailer-is doing retailing.It does not matter how the goods or services are sold (by person, mail, call off, pitch ma chine or internet) or services are sold (in store, on the street, or in consumers home). RELIANCE INDUSTRIES LTDThe Reliance mathematical group, set uped by Dhirubhai H. Ambani (1932-2002), is Indias largest private sector enterprise, with businesses in the energy and materials value chain. Groups annual revenues are in excess of US$ 58 billion. The flagship company, Reliance Industries Limited, is a end Global 500 company and is the largest private sector company in India.Backward vertical integration has been the hind end of the evolution and growth of Reliance. Starting with textiles in the late seventies, Reliance pursued a strategy of sweptback vertical integration- in polyester, fibre intermediates, plastics, petrochemicals, petroleum refining and oil and gas exploration and production to be fully integrated along the materials and energy value chain. The Groups activities span exploration and production of oil and gas, petroleum refining and marketing, petrochemicals (p olyester, fibre intermediates, plastics and chemicals), textiles, retail, infotech and special economic zones.Reliance enjoys global leadership in its businesses, being the largest polyester yarn and fibre producer in the world and among the top five to ten producers in the world in major petrochemical products. Major Group Companies are Reliance Industries Limited, including its subsidiaries and Reliance Industrial Infrastructure Limited. WORDS BY THE FOUNDER- outgrowth has no limit at Reliance, I keep revising my vision. Only when you dream it, you can do it * *VISIONThrough sustainable measures, create value for the nation, enhance quality of life across the spotless socio-economic spectrum and help spearhead India as a global leader in the domains where we operate. MISSION Create value for all stakeholders Grow through innovation Lead in good governance practices Use sustaunfitness to flummox product development and enhance operational efficiencies. Ensure energy securit y of the nation Postal untaught prosperity VALUES Our growth and success are based on the ten core set of care, citizenships fairness honesty, integrity, purpose fullness, respect, responsibility, safety and trust.RELIANCE BELIEVES IN GROWTH THROUGH COMMITMENTS AND THEREFORE CARES about(predicate) Quality Research & Development Health, Safety & surround Human Resource Development Energy Conservation Corporate Citizenships ABOUT RELIANCE RETAIL LIMITED Reliance Retail, Ltd. is a subsidiary company ofReliance Industries. Founded in 2006 and based inMumbai, it is the second largest retailer in India. Its retail outlets offer foods, groceries, apparel and footwear, lifestyle and home improvement products, electronic goods, and farm implements and inputs.The companys outlets also provide vegs, fruits, and flowers. It focuses on consumer goods, consumer durables, travel services, energy, entertainment and leisure, and health and well-being products, as well as on educational products and services. SUBSIDIARIES OF RELIANCE RETAIL LIMITED Reliance Fresh Retail Outlets of fruits, Vegetables & Groceries. Reliance Digital Consumer Electronics retail Store Reliance Jewels Jewellery Reliance Time Out feelingstyle store of Books, Music, Movies, Toys, Gaming, Fragrances, Stationary. Reliance Trends Apparel and ClothingReliance Footprints Limited Reliance Brand Limited Reliance styles India Limited Reliance Home Products Limited FOUNDED 29th of September 1988 As Chembur Patalganaga Pipelines Limited(CPPL) then in manifest it was rename as Reliance Industrial Infrastructure. HEADQUARTER Mumbai KERY PEOPLE Mukesh Ambani( CMD) With a vision to generate inclusive growth and prosperity for farmers, vendor partners, small shopkeepers and consumers, Reliance Retail Limited (RRL), a subsidiary of RIL, was set up to lead Reliance Groups foray into make retails.Since its inception in 2006, Reliance Retail Limited (RRL) has grown into an organization that caters to millions of customers, thousands of farmers and vendors. Based on its core growth strategy of backward integration, RRL has made rapid progress towards building an entire value chain starting from the farmers to the end consumers. Reliance Retail continued to expand presence of its value and specialty formats. During the year, Reliance Retail opened 90 new stores spanning across value and specialty segments.In-store initiatives, wider product choice and value merchandising enabled the business to achieve big-chested growth during this period. Its presence in the optics business is in partnership with Grand Vision. 51 new stores were added during FY-11 victorious the total presence to degree centigrade stores across key markets in the country. The retail chain offers wholeness brand name optical products including Vision Express frames, lenses, contact lenses, sunglasses, terminations and accessories. For the very first time, consumers in India got the opportunity to experience Hamleys, w hich is considered to be the worlds most wonderful toy shop.The brand was introductioned in India with opening up of 2 stores during the year. Reliance Brands also announced exclusive licensing arrangement with two leading international brands Steve Madden, a leading designer, wholesaler and retailer of fashion-forward footwear and accessories for women, men and children. Quiksilver, a leading outdoor sports lifestyle company to launch their core brands Quiksilver and Roxy. Across India, reliance Retail serves over 2. 5 million customers every week. Its loyalty programme, Reliance One, has the patronage of more than 6. 75 million customers. * Dhirubhai H. Ambani Founder Chairman Reliance Group celestial latitude 28, 1932 July 6, 2002 Dhirubhai Ambani founded Reliance as a textile company and led its evolution as a global leader in the materials and energy value chain businesses. He is credited to have brought about the integrity cult in India in the late seventies and is regarded as an icon for enterprise in India. He epitomized the spirit dare to dream and learn to excel. The Reliance Group is a living testimony to his mulish will, single-minded dedication and an unrelenting commitment to his goals. * PRODUCTS & BRANDSThe Company expanded into textiles in 1975. Since its initial public offering in 1977, the Company has expanded rapidly and integrated backwards into other industry sectors, most notably the production of petrochemicals and the refining of crude oil. The Company from time to time seeks to further diversify into other industries. The Company now has operations that span from the exploration and production of oil and gas to the manufacture of petroleum products, polyester products, polyester intermediates, plastics, polymer intermediates, chemicals and unreal textiles and fabrics.The Companys major products and brands, from oil and gas to textiles are tightly integrated and benefit from synergies across the Company. Central to the Companys op erations is its vertical backward integration strategy raw materials such as PTA, MEG, ethylene, propylene and normal alkane that were previously imported at a higher cost and subject to import duties are now sourced from within the Company. This has had a positive effect on the Companys operating margins and interest costs and decreased the Companys pictorial matter to the cyclicality of markets and raw material prices.The Company believes that this strategy is also important in maintaining a domestic market leadership position in its major product lines and in providing a competitive advantage. The Companys operations can be classified into four segments namely Petroleum Refining and Marketing business Petrochemicals business vegetable oil and Gas Exploration Production business Others The Company has the largest refining capacity at any single location. The Company is Largest producer of Polyester Fibre and Yarn 5th largest producer of Paraxylene (PX) 5th largest producer of Polypropylene (PP) th largest producer of Purified Terephthalic Acid (PTA) and Mono Ethylene Glycol (MEG) * * HISTORY * The Reliance Retail had to face various difficulties before the launch of Reliance fresh, because of the various circumstances preponderant in Orissa, West Bengal and UP, along with the news focusing on the dearth of vegetables and fruits stocks. The retail business of Reliance then minimized its exposures in vegetable and fruit business, as a result established Reliance fresh positioning a slender super market play focusing on various categories like IT, consumer durables, home FMCG and food. * The retail company of Reliance may not supply the vegetables and fruits in a few states, the Reliance Fresh firm to not race with local wholesalers party because of the political reasons as well as its incapability to maintain a healthy supply chain. * GROWTH Reliance Industries Limited Growth is Life * The first ever Reliance Fresh store was established in Hyderabad, wh erein the company, mainly focused on the fresh produced vegetables and fruits at comparatively low price along with an introduction of farm to fork theory. * This was the idea, which was expect by the company was to take the supply direct from the farmers and then sell straightaway to the consumers removing the middle-men off the vanquish track. Reliance introduced several formats in the marketplace to cater to needs of common people, which includes Reliance Fresh, Reliance super, Reliance Footprint, Reliance Timeout, Reliance Jewels, Reliance wellness, Reliance Mart and Reliance Digital, to name a few. In addition to this, the Reliance Retail also entered into a treaty with Apple, which is a leading Information Technology company, to set up a series of Apple enduringness Outlets branded as 1Sotre, with its first ever store in Bangalore. * With an idea to produce inclusive prosperity and growth of farmers, consumers, small shopkeepers and vendor partners, Reliance Retail was set u p in tack together to lead the foray of Reliance Group into an organized retail. A typical Reliance Fresh store is pproximately 3000-4000 square feet and caters to a catchment area of 23km. after launch, in a dramatic shift in its positioning and mainly due to the circumstances prevailing in UP, West Bengal and Orissa, it was mentioned recentlyin news dailies that Reliance Retail is moving out of stocking fruits and vegetable. Reliance Retailhas decided to minimise its exposure in the fruit and vegetable business. The company may not stock fruit and vegetables in some states.Though Reliance Fresh is not exiting the fruit and vegetable business altogether, it has decided not to compete with local vendors partly due to political reasons, and partly due to its inability to create a robust supply chain. This is quite different from what the firm had originally planned. When the first Reliance Fresh store opened in Hyderabad last October not only did the company say the stores main focu s would be fresh produce like fruits and vegetables at a much lower price, but also rundle at length about its farm-to-fork theory.The idea the company spoke about was to source from farmers and sell directly to the consumer, removing middlemen out of the way. Reliance Fresh, Reliance Mart, Reliance Digital, Reliance Trends, Reliance Footprint, Reliance Wellness, Reliance Jewels, Reliance Timeout and Reliance Super are various formats that Reliance has rolled out. In addition, Reliance Retail has entered into an alliance with Apple for setting up a chain of Apple Specialty Stores branded as I Store, starting with Bangalore. OPPORTUNITIES IN INDIAN ORGANIZED RETAIL SECTORThe opportunities in Indian organized retail sector are many for this sector is witnessing a boom. The Indian retail industry in amounted to US$ 200 billion in 2006, and out of this amount the amount the amount the Indian organized retail sector amounted to US$6. 4 billion. The opportunity in Indian organized retail sector can be judge from the fact that by 2010 it is expected to rise to US$23 . The Indian governments in 2005 allowed foreign direct investment (FDI) in single brand retail to 51%.These have opened up a lot of opportunities in India organized retail sector. In fact 325 departmental stores, 300 new malls and 1500 super markets are being built which shows the tremendous opportunities in organized retail sector in Indian have entered in. reliance industries limited is targeting for annual sale of US$25 billion by 2011. It is planning to invest US$6 billion in severalize to open 1,500 supermarkets and 1000 hyper markets. Bharti telecoms is palling a joint venture with Telco a global retail giant star worth 750 million. CHALLENGES OF RETAILING IN INDIA In India the Retailing industry has a long way to go, and to become a truly flourishing industry, retailing needs to cross the following hurdles * The first challenge facing the organized retail sector is the competition from unorgani zed sector. * In retail sector, Automatic thanksgiving is not allowed for foreign investment. * Taxation, which favors small retail businesses. * Developed supply chain and integrated IT management is remove in retail sector. * overlook of trained work force. * Low skill level for retailing management. * inbuilt complexity of retailing- rapid price changes, threat of product obsolescence and low margins. Organized retail sector has to pay huge taxes, which is negligible for small retail business. * Cost of business operations is very high in India. RECRUITMENT PROCESS AT RELIANCE RETAIL CUSTOMER SERVICE ASSOCIATES 1. Sourcing of prospects 2. Interview Schedule 3 . get hold ofed Candidates are registered. 4. Offer Generation 5. Joining Formalities 6. Training REGISTRATION OF CANDIDATE R Select R MTAS Recruiter Register Candidates-All the details are filled and registration no. is generated Again RMTAS Recruiter Enter Candidate Data-Save the details Now Interview Rating Sheet is filled and saved. RMTAS Offer Process Offer- Registration No. long with Store code is inserted. Requisition No and Position No. is inserted along with Date of Joining, Location, social class and Salary are mentioned and offer is finally generated. later on this medical details are maintained. PF form along with Application Form is printed Joining Formalities On Boarding CHAPTER 4 ANALYSIS & INTERPRETATION OF data TABLE NO. 1 Method Adopted by Reliance to Source Candidates No. Of Respondents (HR Managers) theatrical role Employee Referral 4 20 Campus Recruitment 2 10 Advertising 1 5Recruitment Agencies 2 10 speculate Portals 1 5 Walk-In 1 5 All 9 45 integrality 20 100 Analysis It can be analysed from the above table that 20% of the HR managers adopted employee referral to source candidates, 10% adopted campus recruitment and recruitment agencies to source candidates and 5 % through qualifying Ins and advertisements and 45% adopted all methods to source candidates. CHART NO . 1 Method Adopted by Reliance to Source Candidates deduction It can be inferred from the above graph that majority of HR managers adopted employee referral, campus recruitment, advertisements and manner of walking in to source candidates which is good for the company in terms of selecting the right candidate for the job TABLE NO. 2 Type Of Recruitment Preferred in Reliance No. Of Respondents (HR Managers) dower inwrought Source 5 25 External Source 5 25 Both 10 50 intact 20 100 Analysis 5% of respondents felt that the type of recruitment preferred in reliance is from internal sources whereas another 25% felt it is from external sources but 50% felt that reliance prefers twain external and internal sources to recruit candidates. CHART NO. 2 Type Of Recruitment Preferred in Reliance Inference It is inferred from the above graph that majority of respondents felt that reliance fresh prefers both internal sources and external sources to recruit the right candidates which is highly appreciated TABLE No. 3 Tests utilise During The Process Of Recruitment No. f Respondents (HR Managers) function Written tests 5 5 Aptitude Test 2 10 Personal Interview 1 5 psychometric Test 2 10 All 10 50 Total 20 100 Analysis It can be analysed from that above table that 5% of the HR managers uses written tests and PI to judge the candidates, 10% managers told that they use aptitude and psychometric tests to judge and 50% managers told that they conduct all the mentioned tests to judge the candidates.CHART No. 3 Tests Used During The Process Of Recruitment Inference It can be inferred from the above chart that HR managers in Reliance conduct all types of tests to judge the candidates capabilities before hiring them which is beneficial for the company. TABLE NO. 4 Factors Which Influence The recruitment Process in Reliance No. Of Respondents (HR Managers) Percentage Based on experience 2 10 Based on reserve 5 25 HR Policies of the company 4 20 All The Above 9 45 Total 20 100 AnalysisIt can be analysed from the above table that 10 % of the HR managers considers experience as one of the factors which influences recruitment process in Reliance while, 25% and 20% managers considers qualifications and HR policies of the company respectively as the important factors and 45% of them told that is based on all the above mentioned factors. CHART NO. 4 Factors Which Influence the recruitment Process in Reliance Inference From the above chart, it can be inferred that candidates experience, qualifications and the HR policies of the company are the various factors which influences the recruitment process of Reliance.TABLE No. 5 Technological Support For The Process Of Recruitment No. of Respondents(HR managers) Percentage Telephone 4 20 flick Conferencing 2 10 Online Support 14 70 Any Other 0 0 number 20 100 Analysis It can be analysed from the above table that 70% of the HR managers use online support for the process of recruitment while 20 and 10% managers esp ectively told that it is also done through telephone and video conferencing. CHART No. 5 Technological Support For The Process Of Recruitment Inference It can be inferred from the above chart that reliance uses online support in the process of recruitment which is helpful in recruiting the large mass of people without any chaos. TABLE No. 6 Time Taken By HR Managers to Fill The gap At Store Level No. Of Respondents (HR Managers) Percentage 1day 3 15 1-3 days 14 70 7 days 3 15 -15 days 0 0 TOTAL 20 100 Analysis It can be analysed from the above table that 70% of the HR managers told that gap at the store level is filled maximum within 1-3 days while 15 % of them told that it either takes 1 day or 7 days to fill the gap. CHART No. 6 Time Taken By HR Managers to Fill The gap At Store Level Inference So it can be inferred from the above chart that HR managers hardly takes 1-3 days to fill the gap at store level which shows that their recruitment team is doing fine job. TABLE NO. 7 B ack Out Percentage Of Candidates After Being Offered No. Of Respondents %age 1-5% 16 80 5-10% 3 15 10-15% 2 10 15-20% 0 0 TOTAL 20 100 Analysis It can be analysed from the above table that 80% of the HR managers told that back out percentage of the candidates after being offered is 1-5% and 15% told that it is 5-10% while 10% managers told that is around 10-15%. CHART NO. 7 Back Out Percentage Of Candidates After Being Offered InferenceIt can be inferred from the above chart that back out percentage of the candidates are between 1-5% after being offered which should be lessen in order to retain the employees. TABLE NO. 8 Biggest Challenge Faced By the organization in the process of recruitment No. Of Respondents (HR Managers) Percentage Attrition 16 80 Availibility of manpower 4 20 Skilled people 0 0 Salary Issues 0 0 TOTAL 20 100Analysis It can be analysed from the above table that 80% of the HR managers consider attrition as the biggest challenge faced by the organization, whil e 20% of them told that availability of man power is also the problem that company faces. CHART NO. 8 Biggest Challenge Faced By the organization in the process of recruitment Inference It can be inferred from the above figure, that the company is having high rate of attrition, which needs to be solved quickly in order to maintain its growth. TABLE NO. 9 Most Important Reason For Attrition No.Of Respondents (HR Managers) Percentage Lack of proper Work environment 0 0 Remuneration is not according to skills 9 45 Lack of job rotations 6 30 No lateral or vertical growth 0 0 lack of motivation 0 0 Salary and cut throat competition 5 25 TOTAL 20 100 Analysis It can be inferred from the above table that 45% of the managers feels remuneration is the most important reason for attrition, 30% of them told that lack of job rotation is must be the important reason for attrition while 25% of them told that salary and cut throat competition is the most important reason for attrition.CHART NO. 9 Most Important Reason For Attrition Inference It can be inferred from above chart that according to the HR managers of reliance the remuneration along with the salary and cut throat competition are the most important reason for attrition in the company. TABLE NO. 10 Solution For attrition in the Organization No. of Respondents(HR Managers) Percentage Bring the challenges in the work environment 4 20 Provide development and skill training 8 40 draw rein and solve employees issues in real time 7 35Create a preference based reward system 1 5 TOTAL 20 100 Analysis It can be analysed from the above table that 40% of the HR managers believe that providing development and skills training to the employees can be the solution for attrition, 35% of them told that tackling and solving the employees issues in real time can be the solution while 20% of the managers suggested that bringing some changes in the work environment can be helpful and 5% thinks that creating a performance based reward system can be the solution for attrition. CHART NO. 0 Solution For attrition in the Organization Inference It can be inferred from the above chart that attrition can be controlled if the company provides development and skills training to the candidates and also if they start solving employees issues in real time. TABLE NO. 11 Working duration of CSAS in the organization No. Of Respondents(CSA) Percentage less(prenominal) than 6 months 7 17. 5 More than 6months 15 37. 5 1 year 10 25 More than a year 8 20 TOTAL 40 100 Analysis It can be analysed from the above table, that 37. % of the CSAs are working in the company for more than 6 months but less than a year, 25% of them told that they are working from past one year, 17. 5% of the CSAs told they are working from last 6 months and only 20% of the CSAs are in the organization for more than a year. CHART NO. 11 Working duration of CSAS are working in the organization Inference It can be inferred from above chart that only 20 % of the CSAs are in the organization for more than a year and so it is necessary for the company to take some steps in order to retain the employees for a longer period of time.TABLE NO. 12 Information about the vacancy in the organization No. Of Respondents(CSA) Percentage job Portals 3 7. 5 Reference 8 20 Leaflets 4 10 Advertisements 5 12. 5 Word Of Mouth 20 50 Any other Please Specify 0 0 TOTAL 40 100 Analysis It can be analysed from the above table that 7. 5% of the CSAs came to know about the vacancy in the organization from job portals, 20% of them told they came from reference, 10% told they got leaflets, 12. % came to know through advertisements and 50% of the CSAs told that they came here by listening from their friends and relatives. CHART NO. 12 Information about the vacancy in the organization Inference It can be inferred from the above that most of the people come to know through family and friends which is good but the company should do more advertisement to attract large number of people. TABLE NO. 13 Time Spent by CSAs For the process of recruitment No. Of Respondents(CSA) Percentage Less than 1 Day 5 12. 5 1 Day 5 12. 5 1-2 days 25 62. 5 More than 3 days 5 12. TOTAL 40 100 Analysis It can be analyzed from the above table that 12. 5% of the CSAs told it takes less than a day to complete the whole process 12. 5 of them told that it takes 1 day and 3 days respectively and 62. 5 % of the CSAs told that it takes 1-2 days in the whole process of recruitment. CHART NO. 13 Time Spent by CSAs For the process of recruitment Inference It can be inferred from the above chart that the candidates have to egest more than one whole day during the entire process of recruitment. TABLE NO. 14 Problems faced by CSAs during the process of recruitment No. Of Respondents(CSA) Percentage Communication 5 12. 5 Documents infallible 10 25 Time Involved 20 50 Managers port 2 5 Any Other Please Specify 3 7. 5 TOTAL 40 100 Analysis It can be analysed from the above figur e that 12. 5% of the CSAs considers communication as one of the problem faced by them at the time of recruitment 25% of them told documents required is one of the problem , 5% told managers behaviour and 50% of the CSAs considers time as the biggest problem they come through while recruitment.CHART NO. 14 Problems faced by CSAs during the process of recruitment Inference It can be inferred from the above chart that the time involved is the biggest problem faced by CSAs during the process of recruitment which needs to be shorten. TABLE NO. 15 Satisfaction level of CSAs with the recruitment Process No. Of Respondents(CSA) Percentage Highly Satisfied 5 12. 5 Satisfied 15 37. 5 Neutral 18 45 Dis contented 2 5 Highly Dissatisfied 0 0 TOTAL 40 100 Analysis It can be analysed from the above table that 12. % are highly satisfied with the recruitment process, 37. 5% respondents are satisfied, 45% is neither satisfied nor dissatisfied and 5% respondents are dissatisfied with the recruitment process in Reliance Fresh. CHART NO. 15 Satisfaction level of CSAs with the recruitment Process Inference It can be inferred from the above chart that majority of CSAs are neither satisfied nor dissatisfied with the recruitment process. None of the CSAs are highly dissatisfied with the process until now there is scope for improvement of recruitment process in reliance fresh. TABLE NO. 6 Working duration of Ex-CSAs in the organization No. Of Respondents(Ex-CSAs) Percentage Less than 6 months 10 25 More than 6 months 18 45 1-2 years 7 17. 5 More than 2 years 5 12. 5 TOTAL 40 100 Analysis It can be analysed from the above figure that 45% of the Ex-CSAs told they have worked for more than 6 months, 17. 5% of them have worked for 1-2 years, 25% have worked for less than 6 months and 12. 5 % Ex-CSAs have worked for more than 2 years. CHART NO. 16 Working duration of Ex-CSAs in the organization InferenceIt can be inferred from the above chart that majority of CSAs have worked for more th an 6 months,which implies the need to change the HR policies and practices to improve employee retention. TABLE NO. 17 Main Reason Behind Leaving the Organization No. Of Respondents (Ex-CSAs) Percentage Higher Studies 3 7. 5 Got Good Opportunity Somewhere Else 12 30 Due to Salary 23 57. 5 Behavior Of The Store Manager 2 5 Any Other, Please specify 0 0 TOTAL 40 100 Analysis It can be analyzed from the above that 7. % of the Ex-CSAs have left the organization due to higher studies, 30% have left because they got good opportunities somewhere else, while 5% have left the store due to bad attitude of the store manager and 57. 5% of Ex-CSAs told that they have left the organization because they are not satisfied with the salary they are getting. CHART NO. 17 Main Reason Behind Leaving the Organization Inference Therefore it can be inferred from the above chart that most of the CSAs have left the company due to salary. They are remunerative but they are not satisfied with the amount the y are getting.TABLE NO. 18 Awareness Of Job Profile at the time of joining No. Of Respondents(Ex-CSAs) Percentage YES 30 75 NO 10 25 TOTAL 40 100 Analysis It can be analyzed from the above table that 75% of the Ex-CSAs were aware of the job profile at the time of joining while 25% of them are not aware before joining. CHART NO. 18 Awareness Of Job Profile at the time of joining Inference It can be inferred from the above that all the candidates should made aware about the job profile at the time of joining. TABLE NO. 19 Work Environment is good or not No.Of Respondents(Ex-CSAs) Percentage YES 20 50 NO 20 50 TOTAL 40 100 Analysis It can be analysed from the above table that 50% of the Ex-CSAs found the work environment good but 50% of the Ex-CSAs told that it is not that good. CHART NO. 19 Work Environment is good or not Inference It can be inferred from the above chart that work environment is neither very good nor very bad so it can be improved and made more comfortable for worki ng. TABLE NO. 20 Willingness to rejoin the organization No. Of Respondents(Ex-CSAs) Percentage NO 35 87. 5 YES 5 12. 5 40 100Analysis It can be analyzed from the above table that 87. 5% of the Ex-CSAs are not willing to rejoin the organization while only 12. 5% of them told that they can join the organization if they will get the opportunity. CHART NO. 20 Willingness to rejoin the organization Inference It can be inferred from the above chart that most of the left employees will not join the organization again but few can join if they will get the opportunity. CHAPTER-5 FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS & SUGGESTIONS SUMMARY OF FINDINGS From the above data analysis and interpretation, following are the findings To study the recruitment process involved in the organization. * Reliance follows a particular process for recruitment which is good and is according to the HR policies of the company. * Reliance adopts different processes like employee reference, walk-ins, advertisements for sourcing the candidates which is good in terms of selecting the right candidate for the vacant position. * Reliance uses both the internal and external sources to recruit the candidates. * Reliance uses aptitude tests, written tests, personal Interviews and Psychometric tests to judge the candidates before hiring them. Reliance recruits the candidates based on their experience and qualifications along with the HR policies they have adopted. * To analyse the challenges faced by the organization in recruitment. * HR managers in reliance hardly takes 1-3 days to fill the gap at store level which shows that their recruitment team is doing good job. * It is found that back out percentage of the candidates after being offered is between 1-5% ,which should be lessen in order to retain the employees. * It is also found that the company is having high rate of attrition, which needs to be solved quickly in order to maintain its growth. It is also found that according to the HR managers the remuneratio n and cut throat competition are the most important reason for attrition in the company. * It is also found that attrition can be controlled if the company provides development and skills training to the candidates and also if they start solving employees issues in real time. * To study the employees comprehension towards the recruitment process * It is found that very few CSAs are working in the organization for more than one year and so necessary measures are need to be taken in order to retain the employees for a longer period of time. It is also found that most of the employees come to know about the vacancies in the organization through their family and friends which are good but the company should do more advertisement to attract more people in large number. * It is also found that the candidates have to decease lots of time for the entire process of recruitment. * It is also found that the time involved is the biggest problem faced by CSAs during the process of recruitment. * It is also found that CSAs views are neutral towards the recruitment process so it can be improved and can be made more appropriate. * To study the major reasons for high attrition rate in Reliance fresh * It is found from the analysis that majority of the CSAs have worked for more than six months and then left the company because they want hike in their salary. * Therefore, it can be inferred that most of the CSAs have left the company due to salary. * It is also found that work environment is neither very good nor very bad so it can be improved. * It is also found that most of the Ex-CSAs will not join the organization again but only very few can join if they will get the opportunity.CONCLUSION Human resources are the most overcritical assets of any organization as the organizations success lies in their hands. Recruitment is an important part of an organizations human resource planning and their competitive strength. Recruitment represents the first contact that a company mak es with potential employees. It is through recruitment that many individuals will come to know a company and eventually decide whether they wish to work for it. High quality employees cannot be selected when better candidates do not know of job openings.From my study, it can be concluded that reliance has an effective recruitment and selection process but some improvement still can be done. The process is successful in bringing the right person to the right place as the selection process is strict and ensures that best talent is brought to the company. Reliance hires the employees based on their qualification and experience according to the HR policies which is appreciable. The company is having high rate of attrition, which needs to be solved quickly in order to maintain its growth and reduce the recruitment cost.The major reason for high attrition rate is compensation. Employees working at reliance fr